个案工作在老年思想政治教育中的运用初探

在老龄化日益加剧的今天,传统思想政治教育已越来越不能满足老年人科学、积极、健康发展的需要。而在老年思想政治教育中引入个案工作,有助于创新和发展老年思想政治教育、认清老年人思想现状以及提高老年人自我教育能力。二者在很多方面的相容性、个案工作的中国化以及现代思想政治教育的开放态度又使个案工作在老年思想政治教育中的运用成为可能。进而从理念、技巧和模式初步探讨了个案工作在老年思想政治教育中的运用方略。     

试析城市社区老年人口需求状况——以长沙市天心区A社区为例

随着人口老龄化加快,有关老年人的问题逐渐成为全社会普遍关注的焦点问题。笔者运用实证研究方法,对长沙市天心区A社区老年人的生存需求、健康需求、精神需求等多项内容进行了调查和分析。     

我国人口老龄化背景下养老产业发展问题研究

在新经济常态背景下,随着人口老龄化程度不断加深,我国财政支出将面临越来越大的挑战,发展养老产业将成为我国应对人口老龄化问题的必然选择。养老产业的发展有利于减轻政府负担,提高老年人生活质量,促进产业调整,缓解就业压力。我国的养老市场规模庞大,并且供不应求,政府高度关注养老产业,为我国大力发展养老产业提供了可行性。但是,尽管目前"保险系""央企系""房企系"等社会资本已经注入,养老产业仍然存在着政府的引导和支持力度不足,缺乏专业人才,相关产业整合难度大,国民养老观念落后等问题。因此,我国应尽快完善相关政策以加强引导和扶持的力度,积极调动社会资源使投资主体多元化,加强养老产业人才队伍建设,加快转变养老观念。     

Demography of Indian Aging, 2001-2051

Summary

India is the second largest country in the world, with 72 million elderly persons above 60 years of age as of 2001, compared to China's 127 million. One of the objectives of this paper is to assess the emerging scenario of elderly for the first half of the 21st century. According to projections, the elderly in the age group 60 and above is expected to increase from 71 million in 2001 to 179 million in 2031, and further to 301 million in 2051; in the case of those 70 years and older, they are projected to increase from 27 million in 2001 to 132 million in 2051. Among the elderly persons 80 and above, they are likely to improve their numbers from 5.4 million in 2021 to 32.0 million in 2051. The increasing number and proportion of elderly will have a direct impact on the demand for health services and pension and social security payments. Mobilizing resources for geriatric care and providing sufficient maintenance for the elderly will emerge as a major responsibility for heath-care providers and pension economists.     

Differential Health and Social Needs of Older Adults Waitlisted for Public Housing or Housing Choice Vouchers

Affordable housing is an important form of income security for low-income older persons. This article describes characteristics of older persons waitlisted for either public housing or a housing choice voucher (HCV; previously Section 8) in Portland, Oregon. 358 persons (32% response rate) completed a mailed survey with questions about demographics, health and housing status, food insecurity, and preference for housing with services. Findings indicate that many waitlisted older persons experienced homelessness or housing instability, poor health, high hospital use, and food insecurity. Public housing applicants were significantly more likely to report lower incomes, homelessness, and food insecurity than HCV applicants. We conclude with policy implications for housing and health agencies that serve low-income older persons.     

The Mobility of Elderly Residents Living in Suburban Territories

Abstract

Many authors have observed die elders' unanimous aspirations to age in place. Such residential aspirations echo theoretical concepts such as “environmental-fit.” Aging residents adapt to their residential environment according to their autonomy level, their financial and social resources, as well as the meanings they invest in both residential situations and lifestyle (Lord, 2004; Wagnild, 2001). Therefore, the suburbs constitute a challenge for aging residents' intentions to remain in their home for as long as possible. These low-density environments encourage car dependency for almost every daily activity. In that regard, many studies have investigated the daily mobility patterns of elders living in such areas. However, most of them have focused on aspects linked to transportation and driving security (Rosenbloom, 2003). In this context, with a socio-anthropological (in-depth interviews) method, the elders' daily mobility is explored in a complex layering of issues. Two interdisciplinary qualitative researches on the daily and residential mobility of elderly suburbanites have been used: a group living in Quebec City's Post-War suburbs in Canada (n = 56) and another in Marseille's periurban suburbs in France (n = 36). The results show that we must investigate beyond the elders' “emotional attachment”to their “home” in order to explain the everyday tensions underlying accessibility and daily mobility. Aging in a single-family house is more than a deliberate choice. Moving away from one's neighborhood is considered a last resort alternative by the majority. Instead, the elderly from both milieus will adapt their lifestyles to the environment by redesigning their daily activities and their mobility practices in order to age in place. Therefore, adapting daily mobility practices to social interactions and social representations all become a sine qua nonecondition.     

中国老年人自评健康影响因素分析

利用2008/2009年全国老年人口健康状况调查截面数据以及2002—2008/2009年纵向数据,应用有序Logit模型以及固定效果模型方法,分析中国老年人自评健康状况及其影响因素。研究发现,我国老年人的社会人口学特征、经济状况、健康状况、社会参与、生活满意度等因素与其自评健康显著相关,截面数据定序Logit模型和纵向数据固定效果模型均通过统计学显著性检验,而社会参与、生活满意度对自评健康的有益影响在两个模型中是一致的。     

Enhancing the Efficacy and Empowerment of Older Adults Through Group Formation

ABSTRACT

Research suggests that efficacy and empowerment are necessary for social engagement and that a sense of efficacy and empowerment exerts positive influences on older adults. However, little is known about how individual efficacy and empowerment are affected by group efficacy and empowerment in later life. To assess the impact of group involvement on the individual, the authors conducted a follow-up study with members of an art guild for older adults. Qualitative data were collected in 1997 and 2001 to ascertain the members' perceptions of group goals and accomplishments, membership benefits, the effect on the community, societal views about older adults, and the impact of group activities on the individual. The results clearly indicated that collective efficacy and empowerment through social engagement were beneficial to members as individuals and as a group, and contributed to well-being through a general sense of accomplishment and pride.     

对老年人照料提供者的社会支持

面对老年人口数量剧增、社会养老资源不足、家庭养老仍是多数老人养老主要方式的状况 ,如何使老年人安度晚年已是一个非常重要的议题。以往的研究和社会舆论更多关注的是年轻一代对老年人养老的责任与义务 ,强调家庭养老的作用 ,忽视了老人照顾提供者实际状况的研究以及对他们关心与支持的方法。本文思考了照料提供者的特点 ,提出在我国有条件的地区逐步发展面对照料提供者的服务。