Incorporating physiology into parasitoid behavioral ecology: the allocation of nutritional resources

A critical problem faced by most theoretical studies of parasitoid behavior and population dynamics has been the paucity of empirically obtained information about the pattern of resource allocation to egg production and metabolic maintenance in relation to adult diet in female parasitoids. This review calls for a shift from traditional manipulative feeding studies to studies that quantify the energetic budget of parasitoids and which take into account the dynamic nature of metabolic processes. As guidelines, we highlight the advances made along these lines with other insect groups and some of the simplest tools already available today for fulfilling this goal. Received: December 22, 1998 / Accepted: January 12, 1999     

中国医学人文学科的早期发展:协和中文部

通过考察协和医学院中文部的设立及其对中国医学人文学科发展的影响,提出协和医学院的医学史、医学伦理学和医学法学讲座,是中国现代医学院校里最早开设的医学人文课程。李涛的《医学史纲》及其在美国《医史通报》上发表的论文"中国古代医学伦理学"(英文)为代表性成果。抗日战争期间李涛的工作,还得到了美国中华医学基金会和美国医史学家西格里斯特的友好帮助。     

19世紀後半における東アジアの国際秩序変容と日本の領域画定

日本在明治维新后便迅速走上对外扩张的道路,在其对外侵略过程中,琉球因地缘等因素成为其首个目标。琉球作为中国的藩属,其臣子在危急存亡之秋,不得不寻求中国清政府的帮助以抵抗日本侵略。清政府处理此事的主要方针便是在外交上积极地寻求各列强的帮助,在李鸿章等人的请求下美国前总统格兰特成为了琉球纠纷的调解人。中日双方历经数年不断地谈判,最终日本拿出了一份所谓的“分岛条约”,但是对于这份方案到底源于清政府、日本内阁还是格兰特,以及格兰特是否直接插手于“分岛条约”之中,学界对此还尚存争议。格兰特提出“互让”之精神不假,但实际的条约拟定以及最终实施方案的敲定,应是在日本内阁的推动下实现,最终以清政府拒绝签约且琉球被日本全部侵占而结束。因此,格兰特在琉球纷争中的作用便是给予中日双方谈判与缓和的余地,并且根据西方先前的类似案例,给出了一个相互折衷的谈判思路——“格兰特精神”,其并未直接介入到“分岛条约”的制定工作当中。这样看格兰特在此事件当中的作用或更为客观与清晰。     

The development and field testing of a vocational education evaluation model

Reported is the development and field testing of an evaluation model used to evaluate the vocational education programs at the Metropolitan Community Colleges (MCC) of Kansas City, Missouri which can be implemented on vocational programs at other institutions. The model evaluated a vocational program on the following six criteria: (1) program's relationship to job market profile; (2) program's level of community support; (3) program's success in meeting vocational aspirations of clientele; (4) program's success in terms of student performance; (5) program 's cost-effectiveness; and (6) program 's success in reaching the handicapped and disadvantaged. The evaluation model provides a strategy and a set of procedures for assessing the quality of existing vocational education programs of study at any post-secondary institution. The model can be easily and inexpensively implemented, thus providing a data base which is useful for administrative planning and decision making.     

蒙古《能源法》述评及对我国能源立法的借鉴意义

蒙古《能源法》所要解决的问题与我国所面临的能源问题具有很大的相似性,因此对该法的解读和评析,对于我国的能源立法所要解决的若干重要问题,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

过渡区变形核转动惯量的自洽推转计算

借助IBM内禀态,用推转模型方法研究从SU(3)到O(6)对称性的过渡区中变形核的基带、单声子激发带和双声子激发带,讨论转动惯量和内禀激发能与内禀变量的关系,算出了合理的解析表达式。以68E_(100)为例分析了结果的正确性。     

Planning studies with an optimal control multisectoral dynamic economic model: The case of Sri Lanka

This article investigates the impact of different development scenarios on optimal investment strategy and economy of Sri Lanka and studies the potential of applying control theory techniques to economic planning. The multisectoral dynamic planning model is formulated as a linear quadratic tracking problem. Targets to be tracked define the development strategies: economic growth, trade deficit reduction, food self-sufficiency, and balanced growth. Besides providing insights into these strategies, empirical results show that the difficulty in setting inequality constraints and ensuring nonnegative solutions could undermine the linear tracking optimal control technique for development planning.     

The application of PERT in evaluation of human service programs

In this study a strategy well known to industry. Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), was used to evaluate the community placement procedures in one institution for retarded. Case file review of two samples of residents was used to develop PERT networks showing movements between various living and vocational training settings. Analysis of these networks provided data and pinpointed needed procedural changes to meet the placement objective. The large number of recommendations derived from PERT and supplemental data provided evidence that PERT can be a valuable evaluation package component in institutions for the retarded. Evaluation applications in other human service systems were suggested.     

我国《可再生能源法》的制度构建与选择

配额制和固定电价制度是国际上有关可再生能源发展的两种主要制度。配额制是一种基于市场的制度,而固定电价制度则更多的是基于政府推动的制度。根据我国能源需求的宏观态势和可再生能源的发展状况,我国《可再生能源法》在构建具体的法律制度时,采用配额制会遇到巨大的障碍,至少在目前我国不具备实行配额制的条件;相反,固定电价制度由于在我国具有更强的可操作性,可以作为扶持可再生能源早期发展的主要机制。     

抗战时期中共南方局在渝对外工作述评

抗战时期中共中央南方局利用驻国统区的特殊地位,加强同国际社会的联系与交往,广泛开展国际统战活动和对外联络工作.在重庆7年艰苦卓绝的"半独立外交"和全方位、多层次的民间外事活动使中共外交已在某种程度上具备了"全球"政治的眼光;更为我党从延安走向世界大舞台奠定了初步的基础;周恩来和他领导的南方局的外事干部们,以其出色的外交工作和极具感染力的人格魅力向国际社会展示了一个充满朝气的民主大党形象和中共领导人卓越的外交才能.