电子技术实验教学改革探讨

针对当前电子技术实验教学中存在的几个问题 ,指出为了适应电子技术的飞速发展 ,必须改进实验内容 ,使教学手段多样化、现代化 ,使教学方法灵活多样 ,并要加强考核方法改革及师资队伍的建设 ,以提高学生的实践能力和创新能力 ,增强竞争力。     

环境工程微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

环境工程微生物学是环境工程专业的主干必修课,环境工程微生物学实验是理论课的主要组成部分。结合多年教学实践,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学手段和实验考核评价体系等多方面对环境工程微生物学实验教学进行了改革和调整,增设了综合设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课。新的考核评价体系注重了学生动手能力、创新精神和综合运用知识的能力,切实提高了学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,激发了学生上实验课的热情,增强了学生的参与意识及语言表达能力。     

居民能源消费行为对居民建筑能耗的影响——以悉尼典型居民家庭为例

选取实际建筑,首次有效地将居民建筑能源消费模型和DOE（Design of Experiment）实验设计法相结合,从微观层面对不同居民家庭住宅能耗进行多次模拟,分析不同居民家庭的人均能耗差异及导致差异的关键能源消费行为。研究结果表明:不同能源消费行为会造成人均能耗的巨大差异,居住在同一建筑情况下,65岁独居退休夫妇的人均能耗是35~64岁之间并且有2名未成年人生活的工薪家庭的1.65倍,是25~34岁并且没有未成年人的工薪家庭的1.23倍。造成此差异的各个能源消费行为中,家庭成员数目对于居民人均能耗影响程度最大,其次分别为地理位置、居民年龄、空调最低温度设定及建筑空调覆盖面积。因此,合理引导并控制居民能源消费,政府需要在重点关注家庭能源消费区域差异性的同时,积极从居民家庭模式、居民年龄结构层面进行宏观引导,并且大力倡导居民在满足舒适度情况下合理控制住宅制冷温度及住宅空调覆盖面积。     

实验经济学的兴起、发展及其在中国的应用前景

实验经济学是过去三十年中经济学发展最快的分支领域之一,近年来,田野实验的快速发展进一步加快了经济学的实验化进程。可以说,经济学家已经越来越依赖于实验来理解和解释经济现象与行为。不过这一状态来之不易。实验经济学一直是在驳斥与怀疑之中成长的,直到现在,围绕实验经济学的方法论而展开的争论也还在继续。本次访谈邀请了当前国际实验经济学的领军人物丹尼 尔.豪瑟（Daniel Houser）教授和在方法论上造诣颇深的罗卫东教授就实验经济学方法上的一些关键问题进行阐述,内容涉及实验经济学为什么会兴起并获得发展,实验室实验所面临的人工性、外部有效性方面的质疑,实验室实验、田野实验以及自然实验之间的关系,行为经济学和实验经济学之间的关系等核心问题,两位教授还对未来实验经济学在中国的发展提出了建设性意见。     

近代西方教育实验理论和方法在中国的传播

本文根据西方实验教育学派和欧美教育革新实验传入中国的历史,论述近代西方教育实验理论和方法在中国传播的历程,客观评价了这一传播过程对传统教育观念的更新变革和推进教育教学改革所起的历史作用。同时,文章还以教育实验与中国教育现代化的相互关系为切入口,指出：教育实验作为一种舶来品应该在中国教育改革实践中不断走向本土化;建设具有中国特色的教育实验理论体系和研究方法仍是当今教育领域的一个重要课题。     

与实验紧密结合的工科大学物理小班化探索

针对工科大学物理在小班化进程中的师生角色转换和课时不足等问题,分析了教师角色、教学内容和模式,并结合高校培养目标,从物理理论和实验的关系着手,提出一种将两者融为一体的课程模式,经由多角色教师团队、“全”和“精”的教学内容和开放的教学模式,搭建起理论和实验“承上启下”的桥梁。学生在实验平台上的具体实践表明,这种小班化教学效果明显。     

Bayesian credible intervals for response surface optima

In response surface methodology, one is usually interested in estimating the optimal conditions based on a small number of experimental runs which are designed to optimally sample the experimental space. Typically, regression models are constructed from the experimental data and interrogated in order to provide a point estimate of the independent variable settings predicted to optimize the response. Unfortunately, these point estimates are rarely accompanied with uncertainty intervals. Though classical frequentist confidence intervals can be constructed for unconstrained quadratic models, higher order, constrained or nonlinear models are often encountered in practice. Existing techniques for constructing uncertainty estimates in such situations have not been implemented widely, due in part to the need to set adjustable parameters or because of limited or difficult applicability to constrained or nonlinear problems. To address these limitations a Bayesian method of determining credible intervals for response surface optima was developed. The approach shows good coverage probabilities on two test problems, is straightforward to implement and is readily applicable to the kind of constrained and/or nonlinear problems that frequently appear in practice.     

Language roulette – the effect of random placement on refugees’ labour market integration

Placement of refugees and subsequent labour market integration within a host country represents a key challenge for policymakers and has emerged as one of the most divisive topics in the public debate. Immigration policy in Switzerland adopts random placement of asylum seekers across its different language regions. Hence, this policy allows to estimate the causal effect of language skills on employment chances, as refugees are exogenously placed across regions where the spoken language could either match or deviate from individual language skills. The results of this ‘natural experiment’ indicate substantially higher probabilities of finding employment when asylum seekers are placed in regions with a lingua franca that matches their individual language skills. Additionally, the findings suggest that language course participation can offset the reduced likelihood of employment in cases of a language mismatch. While random placement of refugees may be desirable for political reasons, it is detrimental to the economic integration process. Thereby, the study draws relevant conclusions for a larger European immigration policy.     

How Sunday, price, and social norms influence donation behaviour

We describe a natural field experiment investigating donation behaviour. The setting was an art gallery where donations could be deposited into a transparent box in the foyer. Two aspects of the donation environment were manipulated: signs on the donation box and the initial contents of the box. We used three sign treatments: a control with no sign, a sign that thanked donors, and a sign that indicated donations would be matched. We used two initial contents treatments: one with relatively little money ($50) and one with four times as much. The average donation per donor was significantly larger in the $200 treatments but this was offset by a decrease in the propensity to donate. In the matching treatments donations were significantly larger both at the per donor and per visitor level. A control variable turned out to have the largest influence on donation behaviour: the day of the week. The average donation per visitor was 51% higher on Sundays, when compared to every other day of the week.     

信息技术与高中数学课程整合探究

信息技术与数学课程整合已成为必然趋势,各种教学辅助软件的出现使教师应接不暇。数学软件Maple凭借其简单的操作和强大的功能等优势被越来越多的数学教师作为辅助教学软件。本文用数学实验的方法介绍了Maple在高中数学教学中的几个应用实例,并对信息技术与课程整合与传统教学法之间的优缺点进行了比较。