公平正义：和谐社会的关键要素

公平正义既是社会主义和谐社会所追求的价值取向,又是构建社会主义和谐社会的主要环节。构建社会主义和谐社会,要把维护和实现公平正义作为切入点。     

和谐社会与欠发达地区农村义务教育

教育公平,特别是义务教育公平是和谐社会的重要内涵。我国当前的义务教育,对农村,特别是欠发达地区农村有失公平。采取一系列有效对策逐步扭转,是构建和谐社会的要求。     

社会主义的价值取向与可持续发展

马克思主义认为 ,在人类社会的产生过程中形成的自然界是人的现实的自然界 ,人与自然必须协调发展 ,而共产主义是人与自然之间、人与人之间的矛盾的真正解决。马克思主义的社会目的和价值取向是追求全人类的解放和人的全面发展。可持续发展思想是人们对资本主义社会以来唯利是图价值观的反思 ,一定程度上已超越了狭隘的民族地域的限制 ,体现了人类自律的道德规范和价值取向 ,与社会主义的价值取向具有一致性。它们都追求社会的公正和公平 ,都体现出对全人类生存发展的终极关怀     

罗尔斯公平正义理论对中国的现实意义

罗尔斯的公平正义理论在当今中国越来越受到学术界重视。这是由中国社会发展所处的特殊阶段决定的。罗尔斯的契约主义正义原则对于当前中国社会面临的许多问题有重要的启示作用。将其仅仅狈．为为资本主义所作的辩护是错误的。     

Entlassungen: Gerechtigkeitsempfinden und Folgewirkungen.

Zusammenfassung:  Entlassungen sind zu einer allt?glichen Erfahrung vieler Menschen geworden. In diesem Beitrag wird die Frage untersucht: Unter welchen Bedingungen werden Entlassungen als gerecht wahrgenommen und inwieweit rufen sie innerbetriebliche Widerst?nde hervor? Die Untersuchung stützt sich auf eine Befragung von mehr als 3 000 Personen im Alter zwischen 20 und 60 Jahren in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Entlassungen werden nicht als selbstverst?ndlich akzeptiert. Darauf weisen die Bewertungen hypothetischer Szenarien und eigener Erfahrungen hin. Durch die Prozessgestaltung kann jedoch die Wahrnehmung der Ma?nahmen positiv oder negativ beeinflusst werden.

天津市卫生资源配置状况及其公平性的比较分析

新医改后,天津市主要卫生资源较新医改前有较大幅度的增长,且农村地区的增长最为显著,卫生资源配置的公平性也有较为明显的提高和改善。但总体来看,新医改后,天津市卫生资源总量仍然不足,主要卫生资源按地域配置处于高度不公平状态,护理人员和药学技术人员短缺。因此需要在未来医药卫生体制改革中切实以农村为重点加大卫生资源投入,加强护理人员和药学技术人员队伍建设,处理好公平与效率的关系,促进天津市卫生事业可持续发展。     

高校学生资助体系的优化与重构

针对目前高校存在的因家庭经济困难学生界定难而影响学生资助的公平性和实效性等问题,提出优化与重构高校学生资助体系的思路：（1）由政府民政部门构建济困助学保障制度,统一负责家庭经济困难学生的界定和资助;（2）由高校构建和优化奖学助学制度,完善奖学激励机制,通过奖学金、勤工助学等途径解决困难学生读书难的问题;（3）转变资助理念,逐步从无偿资助为主转向有偿资助为主,从而保证高校学生资助体系持续高效地运转下去。     

Gender,justice and work: A distributive approach to perceptions of housework fairness

Most women and men report that the division of domestic labor in their household is fair, despite women undertaking approximately seventy percent of housework. This raises questions about how fairness is evaluated within partnerships. We explore how parenthood and relationship transitions affect perceptions of housework fairness using panel data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and panel regression models. Our results indicate that net of actual housework divisions, socio-demographic factors, time availability and relative resources, the transition to parenthood increases women’s perceptions of housework fairness immediately following the birth of a child, but decreases them in the long run. Relationship transitions have no independent effects. Our findings suggest that parenthood transitions are associated with changes in women’s identity, cognitive evaluations of fairness and feelings of entitlement, as indicated by distributive justice theory.     

Farmer share and fair distribution in food chains from a consumer’s perspective

Discussions about fair revenue distribution in food supply chains gained importance in 2008 when European milk producers entered a strike against dairy processing companies (EU milk strike). A broad discussion in the media emerged, provoking civil society as well as politics to get involved in a debate over fair prices for farmers. During the milk strike, consumers in Germany were to a large extent sympathetic with the farmers, while food retailers were seen as the main cause of the problem. However, the question what fairness and a fair revenue distribution in food production meant remained unanswered. Hence, this study aims to analyze consumer perceptions of what a fair revenue distribution is in food chains and to determine what factors contribute to fairness perceptions of the farmers’ share. Through an online survey conducted in November 2012, German consumers were asked to estimate the distribution of the food dollar among different supply chain partners and to indicate what a fair distribution should look like. This paper contributes to the literature of the perceived unfair compensation of farmers and provides empirical examples of the concepts of distributive, procedural and interactional fairness. The findings of the survey showed that farmers are mainly perceived as being treated unfairly in supply chains and should get more compensation from a consumer’s point of view. Food retailing should mainly lose shares in this context. A fair distribution of revenues is influenced by distributive considerations, process control and interactional fairness, revealing that non-monetary aspects are also influencing fairness perceptions of revenue distribution in food chains.     

论和谐社会视野下法治的道德基础

从认识论的角度看,法律作为社会控制的最终之工具,其内在的道德品质即法律的德性基础影响并制约着法律自身的权威性和社会调节的效力,也决定着和谐社会实现的可能性。从实践的角度看,无公正即无秩序,恶法之治势必无法实现社会之和谐。法治唯有与道德紧密契合,执法者树立起以人为本、执法为民的执法理念,才能大大降低公众对法治行为的反对意见,从而有助于提升法治本身的合法性基础以及社会调节功能的实现,无疑也能发挥法律社会调节的实际功能。本文着重分析了法与道德之间的辩证关系,分析了当前我国法治过程中德性匮乏的突出问题,最后就强化法的德性基础,增强法的有效性与社会调节功能提出了对策建议。