农村养老保障政策取向 ———基于情境认知的视角

借用情境认知理论审视新中国成立以来农村养老保障政策,可以发现,情境切换引致政府情境认知的变化,最终导致农村养老保障政策的“格式塔”转换。当前,我国政府对农村养老保障的情境认知表现为“以人为本”的政策价值和“构建城乡一体化的社会保障体系”政策目标,但需要在情境认知的牵引下对农村养老保障政策进行优化,即在扩大农村养老保险覆盖面和提高待遇水平的同时,发挥政府、社会、市场三方的作用,积极发展农村养老服务。     

An international classification system for child welfare programs

A major challenge in child welfare is whether a program (or service) developed and successfully implemented in one jurisdiction, especially another country, will attain the same outcomes for children and families in another jurisdiction? This paper presents the “DCE Classification System” (Defining, Classifying, and Evaluating), a classification system that facilitates cross-jurisdiction comparisons of child and family services. The paper reviews the cross-national research literature in child and family services as well as literature on classification schemes and typologies. As an example of the issues that arise when importing a promising program, we briefly highlight the exporting and importing of family group conferencing. After tracing the history and development of the DCE Classification System, the paper describes the proposed classification scheme, and provides a brief example of how researchers and practitioners can use the classification system for cross-national comparisons of client outcomes and program costs. Finally, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, as well as possible benefits for child and family practices.     

服务型政府的职能设计

服务型政府要确立以人为本的价值理念,应当把服务作为政府职能设计所要追求的方向.鉴于我国改革开放之前的全能主义政府职能的定位,要建设服务型政府,必须实现政府职能从控制向服务的转变.这一转变是由一系列因素推动的,如财政供给危机、西方行政改革的示范效应、经济全球化带来的竞争压力、公共服务发展的自身要求、社会自治组织的发展、政府职能体系的构成等.从推进我国服务型政府建设的需要出发,政府职能定位应具体体现为:关注社会弱势群体,强化行政协调职能,解决重大体制问题,推进电子政府建设.     

美国《金融服务现代化法案》对我国国有 商业银行的借鉴与启示

适应金融国际化和防范金融风险的需要,我国的金融体制应继续进行改革。借鉴他国的成功经验,结合我国实际,国有商业银行从分业经营走向混业经营不可避免。经营范围的变化并不代表经营机制的转换。只有转换经营机制,进行产权制度的彻底改革,方能达到改革目标。     

Family systems functioning,family health roles,and utilization of physical health services

The purpose of the study reported here is to determine the relationship between family systems functioning, family health role, and family utilization of health services. The research is based in the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems (Olson, Sprenkle, & Russel, 1979). Family functioning variables include family level of cohesion, family adaptability, and family type, as measured by FACES II. Family health role (i.e., leadership role and acceptance of sick role) and utilization of health services are measured by scales of the investigator-developed Family Health Questionnaire. The sample consists of 140 parents of 70 families, composed of two parents with children under 25 years of age living at home. Analysis reveals significant relationships between the family level of adaptability and acceptance of the sick role, in conjunction with significant gender and gender interaction effects. There are no significant differences between family cohesion levels or family typologies with the health variables.Su An Arnn Phipps is an Assistant Professor at the University of Oklahoma College of Nursing Graduate Program, Tulsa, 700 N. Greenwood, Tulsa, OK 74106. Her research interests include family systems functioning and family physical health, couples' infertility experience, and fathers' role(s) in family health. She received her Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University in Family Relations and Child Development.     

空间溢出视角下的生产性服务业集聚与长三角城市群经济增长效率

本文利用空间杜宾模型实证研究了生产性服务业集聚对长三角城市群经济增长效率的影响及空间溢出效应。结果表明,生产性服务业集聚不仅能够显著提升本地区的经济增长效率,还对邻近城市具有正向的空间溢出效应,但这种影响在生产性服务业的细分行业之间存在一定异质性。进一步分析发现,生产性服务业集聚的MAR外部性和Jacobs外部性都有利于长三角城市群经济增长效率的提升,而Porter 外部性对经济增长效率具有负面影响。在空间溢出效应方面,Jacobs外部性对经济发展水平相近的城市具有负向溢出效应,Porter外部性对人力资本水平相近的城市具有正向溢出效应。此外,生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对本地区和人力资本水平相近城市的经济增长效率具有显著促进作用,但对邻近城市和经济发展水平相近城市的经济增长效率因“虹吸效应”而产生一定的抑制作用。这些研究,对如何更有针对性地加快提升长三角城市群经济增长效率,提供了有价值的理论依据。     

Employee counseling services evaluation system: design, issues and conclusions

Employee Counseling Services (ECS) programs have emerged as an effective method for dealing with employees whose job performance has deteriorated due to personal problems such as alcoholism or drug abuse. It is estimated that 18% of any work force is effected by such problems at any given time and that these employees cost industry billions of dollars annually in lost productivity, abuse of sick leave, etc. One of the critical concerns of this emerging field is the need for comprehensive evaluation that can demonstrate the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefits of ECS programs. This paper will describe the model Federal ECS developed at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services as well as the components of the evaluation system designed to determine its effectiveness. The system is the first of its kind and will be a valuable contribution to the field. The paper then raises issues and develops conclusions about designing such an evaluation within the context of a large bureaucracy.     

我国农村社区卫生服务的现状与对策

农村社区卫生服务是我国卫生事业改革的重要课题,也是建设社会主义新农村的重要内容。经过近些年的努力,我国农村社区卫生服务取得了较大成绩,但仍然存在硬软件、资金、管理及服务内容不到位等方面的问题,基于当前现状,应着力从服务理念、政府主导功能、多元化资金渠道、信息化建设以及服务评估制度等方面加以完善。     

Headquarter Services in the Global Integration of Production

This study examines knowledge management within multinational enterprises (MNEs) by analyzing whether greater interdependence of production between U.S. parent firms and their foreign subsidiaries increases the provision of headquarter (HQ) services from the home country. The findings suggest that U.S. parents provide more assistance to their foreign subsidiaries that are linked in a global value chain than to those that are not involved in production sharing. This study builds on the earlier studies of the relationship between intra-MNE product flows and knowledge flows in multiple ways. First, it separately examines the relationship for high-tech and low-tech manufacturing industries, and finds that knowledge services from HQ that could be combined with knowledge of the subsidiary, such as R&D services, are primarily associated with production sharing with subsidiaries in high-tech manufacturing industries, which are assumed to be more technologically capable. Likewise, it finds that knowledge services from HQ that might be considered to be more passively received from the parent, such as industrial-type maintenance and design, are primarily associated with subsidiaries in low-tech manufacturing industries, which are assumed to be less technologically capable. Second, this study is the first one, to our knowledge, that gauges intra-firm knowledge flows using dollar-denominated measures of HQ services provided by parents to their subsidiaries.     

Does the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use predict college students’ use of on-campus mental health services?

Abstract

Objective: 10–50% of college students meet the diagnostic criteria for one or more mental illnesses; unfortunately, less than half seek treatment. This study assessed the predictive power of specific variables on students’ use of on-campus mental health resources using the American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) II. Participants: Respondents included undergraduate and graduate students ages 18–35?years (n?=?96,121). Methods: We analyzed data from the ACHA-NCHA II Fall 2014 and Spring 2015. Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use enabled selection of predisposing, enabling, and need predictor variables; these were analyzed individually and collectively. Results: Predisposing, enabling, and need variables accounted for 9%, 2.3%, and 17% of the overall variance. Significant variables associated with a student’s decision to access on-campus mental health services accounted for 23% of variance total. Conclusions: This insight could allow universities to better recognize students at-risk for needing but not accessing mental health services.