Communicating during times of crises: An analysis of news releases from the federal government before,during, and after hurricanes Katrina and Rita

This paper examines the framing of crisis communication strategies before, during, and after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita by analyzing news releases from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Homeland Security, and U.S. Senators and Governors from Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. A qualitative content analysis found that all entities analyzed did not acknowledge their parts in the crises, placed blame on others, and tried to distance themselves from the crises. State leadership also used a unifying approach where they included themselves in the hardships affected residents were experiencing.     

白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯海关同盟述略——以基本条款为主线

白俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯海关同盟是顺应俄罗斯联邦因政治格局的变化而产生的新生物。从海关同盟的历史进程来看,成员国之间的特殊亲缘关系是促成同盟的重要基础。在组织机构中,作为同盟常设机构的欧亚经济委员会是其主干。同盟运作的法律体系由其具有联邦特色的国际法和国内法构成。     

犹太人社团对联邦德国的民间索赔--以"要求赔偿联合会"为中心

为了代表犹太人受害者和犹太人组织与联邦德国进行赔偿谈判,世界各地的犹太人组织联合建立了"要求赔偿联合会".在瓦森纳尔谈判中,"要求赔偿联合会"通过与以色列协调谈判立场,成功地与联邦德国签署了<卢森堡条约>第一议定书和第二议定书,既为世界犹太人组织从联邦德国获得战争赔偿提供了法律保证,也为日后犹太人受害者向联邦德国寻求个人赔偿奠定了重要法律基础.     

美国科学证据可采性规则的分析与借鉴

为深入理解关国科学证据可采性规则的内涵和要求,结合经典判例与成文法规定,对美国科学证据可采性规则的历史发展过程进行了梳理与分析。分析认为：可采性标准从Frye标准之机械的“普遍接受”原则,历经《联邦证据规则》第702条和Daubert规则,逐渐发展成为法官依据法律原则对可采性进行自由裁量;法官以科学的经验性为哲学基础进行自由裁量,是判别科学证据可靠性与科学性的发展趋势;借鉴美国的历史经验,中国的鉴定意见可采性制度可以从可采性判断的程序设置、深入实质进行审查判断、加强司法领域与各领域联系3个方面加以完善。     

美国联邦最高法院的权力平衡功能分析——以美国尼克松案为例

美国是典型的实行三权分立制度的国家,总统与国会相互独立且相互制衡。具有国家权力平衡功能的联邦最高法院居于其中,对二者关系进行调节。凡是越过自身权力界限侵犯另一方的权力,就要被联邦最高法院制止,从而保证国家机关依法定的权力界限行事。美国诉尼克松案就是阐释联邦最高法院的权力平衡功能的最佳案例。     

“平等保护条款”与美国公民的“州际迁徙权”

美国人虽然历来重视迁徙自由,但在很长的一段历史时期中,他们所享有的“州际迁徙权”并不完全,因为迁居外州的公民并不能立即享受到与迁入州原居民完全相同的权利。自20世纪60年代起,州际迁徙者开始借助联邦宪法第十四条修正案中的“平等保护”条款争取获得与迁入州原居民同样的特权与豁免权。在联邦最高法院的坚持下,各州歧视新迁入者的许多法律已被取消,但在福利待遇方面,州际迁徙者的权益仍面临着诸多潜在的威胁。     

冷战与重建:朝鲜战争期间有关西德社会市场经济政策的争论

朝鲜战争期间,美国政府多次要求西德修改其社会市场经济政策,加强与西方防务有关的重工业投资和生产。在这一场有关冷战与重建的争论中,出于西德在东西方冷战前沿而具有的极端重要性,以及稳定团结西方阵营的考虑,美国最终接受了西德提出的解决方案。而西德则逐渐以资本主义橱窗的姿态出现在东西方冷战中。     

Comparing Public Attitudes towards Aid to Developing Countries between ‘Traditional’ and ‘Emerging’ Donors: The Case of Japan and Korea

This article explores public attitudes towards aid to developing countries in ‘traditional’ donors and ‘emerging’ donors, taking Japan as an example of the former and Korea as one of the latter. Analyses of comparative social survey data show differences and similarities between the attitudes harboured by the respondents in the two countries. Although previous cross‐national studies included only traditional donors in their analyses, the results of this study reveal the need to focus on the attitude towards aid in emerging donors, especially given their increasing presence in the international aid community.     

Empowering Domestic Discretionary Spending in Federal Budget Deliberations

Abstract

Federal domestic discretionary spending (DDS) funds a large portion of human services in the American welfare state including mental health, child welfare, childcare, public health, job training, and education programs. Yet relatively little research has been conducted on this small but important part of the federal budget. This article examines a number of factors that have limited the size of DDS and that may imperil its existence in coming decades. The article suggests that policy theorists and researchers need to devote more attention to DDS and that policy advocates need to develop effective strategies for protecting DDS from unwarranted assaults in the budget-making process.     

Fed's monetary policy mistake and the US post-COVID economic recovery

This paper argues that the persistent inflation in the U.S. during the post-COVID economic recovery was mainly the result of the Fed’s policy mistake caused by an overestimation of the negative output gap. The paper shows that after a two-quarter contraction, the U.S. economy quickly rebounded and outpaced its potential output, thus remaining in overheating territory. However, policymakers prolonged the monetary expansion beyond the necessary, which contributed to fuel inflation for a more prolonged time. The policy mistake was the result of an inaccurate estimation of potential output. Based on an alternative estimation that uses full employment as a condition, this paper shows that the U.S. economy has been running with a positive output gap since mid-2021. The results illustrate that the Federal Reserve was well-behind the curve in an economy in overexpansion and with a galloping inflation escalating well-above the target.