学习是中国共产党建设的永恒主题

善于学习是马克思主义政党的特质。中国共产党90多年来的奋斗史,正是一部在实践中不断开拓进取的学习史。根据党在领导中国革命、建设、改革和发展的不同历史时期学习的任务、特点和方法,本文将中国共产党90多年来的学习史划分为七个阶段,并总结出以学立党、以学兴党的若干经验启示。     

“Either Side of Delphy Bridge”: A deep mapping project evoking and engaging the lives of older adults in rural North Cornwall

This article reports on work to date by an arts practice-led research team exploring older adults’ conceptions of, and connectivity with, the physical, social and cultural landscapes in which they locate themselves. The team is based at the Department of Art and Design, University of the West of England (UWE) and has conducted fieldwork, interviews and small-scale interactions in an area of rural North Cornwall with a view to “deep mapping” older adults’ “lived landscapes” using a variety of practical methods derived from creative arts practices, critical reflection on deep mapping, ethnographic approaches, and referencing a range of theoretical positions. The project forms part of a work package within “Grey and Pleasant Land? An interdisciplinary exploration of the connectivity of older people in rural civic society” (abbreviated below as GaPL), funded by the UK Cross-Research Council ‘New Dynamics of Ageing’ Programme. In what follows we will describe and critically discuss the fieldwork undertaken and the various ways in which the performative interactions and the creative multimedia evocations that draw on the team’s interactions with older people might extend the growing dialogue between deep mapping, visual and other innovative ethnographies, and critical gerontology.     

2011年文艺学研究有关的几个问题

一个学科要想获得发展,必须处理好两个彼此相关的问题:其一是对当下社会文化重大问题的回应能力;其二是将这些问题的回应与本学科自身的关联梳理清楚。通过对2011年与文艺学研究有关的几个问题及其讨论(包括"艺术学升‘门’"、"文学经验"、"文学形式"、"视觉文化"等)的清理,可以发现文艺学研究必须要积极应对和处理与相邻学科的关系、本学科内部的研究范式以及在当代文化重要问题中推动学科的发展。     

服务企业绩效差异源泉的理论与实证分析

"服务企业绩效差异的主要源泉是来自行业效应还是企业效应?",通过对2002-2009年中国服务业上市公司的研究,利用方差分析法衡量了行业、企业、年份的主效应以及年份与行业的交互效应对服务企业绩效差异的影响程度。结果显示:(1)服务业有较强的成长能力,可能会有一轮新的资本规模扩张形势;(2)企业效应对服务业上市公司盈利能力起着决定性影响,服务企业要获得可持续超常盈利能力的根本途径,是运用其独特的、无法被模仿的资源来创造可持续的竞争优势,而非多元化进入更有获利能力的产业,更不可能依赖于宏观经济环境的变动;(3)与盈利能力不同,年份效应对服务业上市公司成长能力的影响仅次于企业效应,这种差异性深刻地揭示出投资者的非理性和资本市场亟待完善。     

‘I FELT DEAD’: applying a racial microaggressions framework to Black students’ experiences of Black History Month and Black History*

This paper uses a Critical Race Theory perspective to explain the everyday racisms – racial microaggressions – directed towards students of African and Caribbean descent during a non-statutory Black History unit, at an English secondary school. Applying a racial microaggressions framework to ethnographic data, this paper finds that experiences of studying Black History by students of African and Caribbean descent are dominated by various types of racial microaggressions including: micro-invalidation, micro-insults and micro-assaults. These experiences are symptomatic of wider racist structures and processes within the National Curriculum for History, based upon the ideology of white supremacy. This paper concludes that the racial microaggressions framework allows for useful ways of thinking about the function and purpose of Black History Month and Black History in schools, and its opportunities for exposing wider institutional and ideological underpinnings that legitimate deficit understandings about black people in school classrooms.     

The triggers of local and distant search: Relative magnitude and persistence in explaining acquisition relatedness

Research on problemistic search has assumed negative attainment discrepancy to be the trigger of both local and distant search. Extending this research, we present and compare two additional triggers: (1) relative attainment discrepancy, which reflects how much a firm's attainment discrepancy deviates from its past negative attainment discrepancies; and (2) persistent attainment discrepancy, which reflects how often the firm experiences below-aspirations performance. Our triggers for distant search model a behavioral explanation for the timing and relatedness of acquisitions. We find support for baseline arguments of problemistic search whereby firms increase both industry- and skill-related acquisitions when they perform below aspirations. When they persistently perform below aspirations, however, this likelihood is reduced and firms engage in acquisitions that are more unrelated, thereby providing support for the notion of expanding search boundaries from local to distant search. Of the two triggers of distant search proposed, relative attainment discrepancy does not induce firms to expand search boundaries. Our results indicate that persistent attainment discrepancy is a key construct to consider when studying the expansion of search boundaries.     

Linking Electronic Medical Records Use to Physicians’ Performance: A Contextual Analysis

Electronic Medical Records (EMR) studies have broadly tested EMR use and outcomes, producing mixed and inconclusive results. This study carefully considers the healthcare delivery context and examines relevant mediating variables. We consider key characteristics of: (i) interdependence in healthcare delivery processes, (ii) physician autonomy, and (iii) the trend of hospital employment of physicians, and draw on theoretical perspectives in coordination, shared values, and agency to explain how the use of EMR can improve physicians’ performance. In order to examine the effects of physician employment on work practices in the hospital, we collected 583 data points from 302 hospitals in 47 states in the USA to test two models: one for employed and another for nonemployed physicians. Results show that information sharing and shared values among healthcare delivery professionals fully mediate the relationship between EMR use and physicians’ performance. Next, physician employment determines which mediating variable constitutes the pathway from EMR use to physicians’ performance. Finally, we highlight the impact of shared values between the hospital and physicians in enhancing information sharing and physicians’ performance, extending studies of these behaviors among network partners in industrial settings. Overall, our study shows that EMR use should be complemented by processual (information sharing), social (shared values), and structural (physician employment) mechanisms to yield positive effects on physicians’ performance.     

Cognitive skills and leadership performance: The nine critical skills

Over the years, a growing body of evidence indicates that certain cognitive skills are a critical determinant of leader performance. In the present effort we show that application of these skills is typically founded in case-based knowledge. Subsequently, we identify nine key skills people in leadership positions employ when working with case-based knowledge to address leadership problems: 1) problem definition, 2) cause/goal analysis, 3) constraint analysis, 4) planning, 5) forecasting, 6) creative thinking, 7) idea evaluation, 8) wisdom, and 9) sensemaking/visioning. Individual and situational contingencies shaping effective application of these thinking skills is discussed. In addition, the implications of findings bearing on leader thinking skills for leader assessment and leader development are considered.     

口述史学与当代中国史研究

口述史学的引入,推动了当代中国史研究视角的转换,丰富了国史研究的史料来源,突出了其学术性特征,带动了其他科学研究方法的运用,并使当代中国史研究更趋于社会化、民主化。但是,口述史学方法存在的弊端也严重影响了其在当代中国史中的运用与发展。因此,研究者应积极采用口述史学研究方法,同时又要认真研究,努力避免口述史学自身所存在的弊端,促进口述史学方法在当代中国史研究领域的广泛应用和推广。     

中国环境史的兴起和学术渊源问题

关于中国环境史的兴起和学术渊源,中国学者已进行了比较系统的分析和总结,并形成了两类典型的叙述.在此基础上,值得进一步考虑的一个重要问题是,如何看待国外环境史的引入以及此前中国学界许多领域所涉及的相关研究对于当前中国环境史学科建构的意义.如果说,国外环境史成果为我们展示了构建环境史学科框架的蓝图,那么,中国学者的相关研究则为我们提供了建设中国环境史学科的基石和砖瓦.迄今,中国环境史学科大厦尚处于设计之中,其建设必将是一项巨大、艰辛的工程.