场域转换与文化反哺:青年群体与变迁社会的信息互动

以布迪厄场域理论来考察不同社会形态下青年与社会的信息互动实践,发现青年与社会的信息互动在具有“位置-权力”关系的场域中展开,“位置-权力”关系通过信息资本的占有而建构。社会形态随技术变革更迭,青年与社会信息互动的场域逻辑与运行机制发生相应转变。从农耕社会到工业社会再到信息社会,青年与社会的互动场域变得多样,并且发生着从家庭向学校再向网络空间的偏向性转换,场域运行的推动力量也从时间权威向结构权威再向认同权威转换。可以说,青年与社会信息互动场域的转换,正是人类在不同社会形态下对“用时间消灭空间”的信息传播时空观的生产实践与社会表征。     

中原经济区工业与信息化自主创新对策初探

河南省工业与信息化领域如何从本省实际出发,吸取国内外成功经验,增强区域自主创新能力,是河南省科技工作和经济工作的第一要务,是全面推进中原经济区建设、加快中原崛起河南振兴的关键。通过对"十一五"时期河南省工业与信息化领域自主创新能力现状进行分析,结合国家自主创新战略,提出了"十二五"河南省工业与信息化领域提升自主创新能力应遵循的原则,并结合行业特点提出了相应行业自主创新工作对策,以期能对中原经济区建设发挥更大作用。     

Rank and response: A field experiment on peer information and water use behavior

Perception of peer rank, or how we perform relative to our peers, can be a powerful motivator. While research exists on the effect of social information on decision making, there is less work on how ranked comparisons with our peers influence our behavior. This paper outlines a field experiment conducted with 3896 households in Castro Valley, California, which uses household mailers with various forms of social information and peer rank messaging to motivate water conservation. The experiment tests the effect of a visible peer rank on water use, and how the competitive framing of rank information influences behavioral response. The results show that households with relatively low or high water use in the pre-treatment period responded differently to how rank information was framed. I find that a neutrally-framed peer rank caused a small “boomerang effect” (i.e., an increase in average water use) for low water use households, but this effect was eliminated by competitive framing. At the same time, a competitively-framed peer rank demotivated high water use households, increasing their average water use over the full period of the experiment. This result is supported by evidence that the competitive frame on rank information increased water use for households who ranked “last” in the peer group – a detrimental “last place effect” from competitively-framed rankings.     

“…and they are really lying”: Clean evidence on the pervasiveness of cheating in professional contexts from a field experiment

We investigate the pervasiveness of lying in professional contexts such as insurance fraud, tax evasion and untrue job applications. We argue that lying in professional contexts share three characterizing features: (1) the gain from the dishonest behavior is uncertain, (2) the harm that lying may cause to the other party is only indirect and (3) lies are more indirect lies by action or written statements. Conducted as a field experiment with a heterogenous group of participants during a University “Open House Day”, our “gumball-machine-experiment” provides field evidence on how preferences for lying are shaped in situations typically found in professional contexts which we consider to be particularly prone to lying behavior compared to other contexts. As a key innovation, our experimental design allows measuring exact levels of cheating behavior under anonymous conditions. We find clean evidence that cheating is prevalent across all sub groups and that more than 32% of the population cheats for their own gain. However, an analysis of the cheating rates with respect to highest educational degree and professional status reveals that students cheat more than non-students. This finding warrants a careful interpretation of generalizing laboratory findings with student subjects about the prevalence of cheating in the population.     

Social Work Field Educators' Views on Student Specific Learning Needs

Each year a significant proportion of students withdraw from placement in time to avoid penalty, while others fail. This article reports on a small field education research project that identified common learning issues for first placement students. Eighteen experienced supervising field educators (FEs), participated in semi structured focus groups, and identified repeat areas of difficulty in student learning that they had managed as supervisors. They also identified strategies that had been efficacious in supporting student learning. The research undertaken in 2010–2011 identified three specific themes relating to difficulties in student learning: specific student characteristics that required additional support; the university/FE partnership; student proficiency in using supervision. The findings suggest that a students' right to privacy must be considered in the provision of educational support, and that support is most effective when there is a strong partnership between the FE and university. In addition, further development of field education pedagogy may be needed to embed theory and skills related to the use of supervision and reflective learning.     

The Integration of Personal and Professional Selves: Developing Students' Critical Awareness in Social Work Practice

How social work students incorporate personal and professional selves in the contexts of field education represents a cornerstone of effective and sustainable practice. This paper presents a qualitative component of a study that tracked 15 third-year bachelor of social work students across their first field placement to document their use of self, critical reflections and experiential learning. The project examined students' assessed ‘use of self’ assignments to understand their capacity for and development of critical awareness across this placement. Students were most articulate in being able to identify stressful situations that arose from placement in terms of what they were thinking (mind) and feeling (emotion) and to a much lesser extent to what they were sensing (body). Over time, students demonstrated a growing critical awareness to better identify and respond to their self-reported tensions. The findings provide developmental insights into how students integrate personal and professional selves and potentially shift from reflective and reflexive practices to incorporating praxis in their work. Through considering the linkages between self and practice, this paper explores student experiences whilst on placement and the associated developmental tasks of critical awareness.     

网络环境下的著作权保护、限制及其利益平衡

随着网络信息技术的发展,著作权保护在网络空间得到了延伸。对网络空间著作权保护,存在着市场模式与接近模式的不同认识。网络空间在延伸著作权人的保护空间的同时也大大扩充了作品使用者利用作品的方式和途径,因而也需要对网络环境下著作权保护给予适当限制。     

论春秋时期的商人——“工商食官”制度与先秦时期商人发展形态研究之二

春秋时期的商人仍属于“工商食官”制度的范畴。春秋时期的商业组织以及与之相应的所有制形式“都多少带着土地所有制的性质”,在各种关系上“模仿着乡村的组织”。这一切主要是由当时社会生产关系中最根本的经济制度———井田制的变化所决定的。此外,政治关系、血缘关系等非经济因素对于春秋时期商人的发展形态也有着不可忽视的影响。中国古代私人工商业在战国时期出现了第一次大发展,其根本原因就在于井田制度的破坏。     

《诗经·小雅·大田》主旨辨析

关于《诗经·小雅·大田》的主旨,众说纷纭,主要有“刺幽王”、“颂美”、“省敛”、“祭祀”等几种说法。其中“祭祀”说细分为“报祭”和“因农事而及祭祀”两类。经过分析文本的字词、内在逻辑以及联系古老的蜡词,《大田》乃贵族为祈年而祭祀田祖之诗。     

社会工作专业实习模式的探讨——以江苏工业学院社会工作系的实习模式为例

社会工作实习模式的建立对于社会工作的专业发展有至关重要的作用。文章根据江苏工业学院社会工作实习模式，借用“二元论”的理论视角，分析了社会工作实习的维护系统，认为社会工作在社区（机构）系统不完善，案主系统隐性化，社会工作在社会公共价值观系统缺位的时候，社会工作实习只有充分整合其培育系统的资源，采用课程（课堂）实习为主，社区（机构）实习为辅．从本专业出发，逐步辐射全校，再向校外推广的外卷化的发展形式，实现自我增权，才是完善社会工作专业实习的有效途径。