提高串叶松香草返青率的试验研究

通过对休眠的串叶松香草做四种田间管理措施的对比试验。结果表明：在农田中种植串叶松香草，采取秋未培土覆盖加翌年４月上旬灌溉休眠植株的管理措施，能有效地减轻本地区春季干旱，晚春冻害等危害，返青效果比较理想，返青率为７０．５５％，该措施具有满足饲料生产需要的效果，且在田间操作中简便易行。     

美国高校教育实习特色及有效经验--以初等教师教育为例

美国高校教育实习具有如下特色：以教师教育标准为依据,全面指导实习教师的专业发展;注重课程结构的整体优化,实现理论指导与教育实践的结合;明确划分参与人员的职责范围,积极构建教研共同体;建立规范的交流与合作机制,充分发挥多元形成性评价的作用。本文以初等教育专业为例加以解析,在借鉴其有效经验的基础上为我国教育实习改革提供四点建议。     

清代"禁留地"的开垦对鄂尔多斯地区的影响

"禁留地"是清初沿晋、陕边墙以北划出的一块东起山西偏关关河口,西迄宁夏宁城口的长条形禁地.清以来对该地的开垦促使鄂尔多斯地区形成了蒙汉杂居的局面,客观上促进了蒙汉民族间的经济文化交流;但同时因蒙民失地而汉民得地,引起了蒙汉纠纷和民族矛盾,特别是蒙汉间的争地矛盾时有发生;此外,大规模的掠夺式开垦种植加快了鄂尔多斯地区沙化的步伐.     

Applying to college: Do information deficits lower the likelihood of college-eligible students from less-privileged families to pursue their college intentions?: Evidence from a field experiment

Information deficits are considered an important source of why students from less-privileged families do not enroll in college, even when they are college-eligible and intend to go to college. In this paper, we examine whether correct and detailed information on the costs of and returns to higher education increases the likelihood of college applications of less-privileged high school graduates who expressed college intentions in their junior high school year. We employ an experimental design with a randomly assigned 25-minute information treatment about funding opportunities for, and returns to, higher education given at Berlin schools awarding university entrance qualifications. Our analyses show that our information treatment indeed substantially increases the likelihood of treated less-privileged students to apply to college. Our study indicates that our low-cost provision of financial information not only increased their college knowledge but also substantially changed their college application behavior, despite other existing barriers, like economic constraints.     

Supervision and social work students: relationships in a team-based rotation placement model

Social work has historically privileged one-to-one supervision in field education. However, in recent decades, the relentless pressure on organisations to innovate for efficiency gain has created an impetus to explore alternative placement formats. This article reports on how students and supervisors experienced their placement relationships in the context of one such alternative—a team-based rotation placement model where students routinely engaged in group and peer supervision as well as one-to-one supervision with various supervisors. A total of 128 Masters of Social Work students and 92 student supervisors participated in rotation placements across five hospitals over a three-year period; 2011–2013. The study adopted a mixed methods approach using online surveys and post-placement interviews each year. The findings suggest that, although both supervisors and students viewed the one-to-one supervisory relationship as pivotal, they experienced this relationship differently. Supervisors were more likely to highlight the interpersonal connection within the supervisory relationship as the primary vehicle for practice learning. Students were more likely to view their supervisory relationships as the conduit to the practice experiences that aligned with their placement goals. Ultimately, the study highlights the centrality of role and positioning when exploring perceptions and experiences of teaching and learning relationships on placement.     

The Group Method in Supervising Students

This paper describes the group method of using the student unit group as an educational system and a mutual aid system. It goes on to describe four phases in the life of the group, some group building roles of the instructor, the practice methods I use, and concludes with looking at the advantages and disadvantages of using the group method of supervision.     

唐至元时黄土高原腹地植被变迁

泾洛流域居黄土高原腹地,唐宋金时期,随着气候变冷变干,加之人为屯田开发,使原来这一地区的山地森林植被减少,旱生草类和泾洛上游农田植被增加。元代虽在关中和陇东屯田,但农田植被不如前代面积广大,而草地植被有所增加。明了黄土高原腹地植被的变迁,窥斑见豹,对今天恢复这一地区的植被意义重大。     

Experimental designs in management and leadership research: Strengths,limitations, and recommendations for improving publishability

Despite the renewed interest in the use of experimental designs in the fields of leadership and management over the past few decades, these designs are still relatively underutilized. Although there are several potential reasons for this, chief among them is misunderstanding the value of these designs. The purpose of this article is to review the role of laboratory, field, and quasi-experimental designs in management and leadership research. We first discuss the primary goals of experimental studies. Next, we examine the characteristics of experimental designs and how to distinguish laboratory, field, and quasi-experiments from one another and from non-experimental studies. Following these discussions, we provide examples of each type of experimental design and discuss their relative strengths and limitations. Finally, we discuss steps that researchers can take to increase the probability of having articles reporting experiments accepted by leadership and management journals.     

The Effects of Questionnaire Translation on Demographic Data and Analysis

The collection of demographic data in developing and, increasingly, developed countries often requires the translation of a survey instrument. This article addresses the implications for data and analysis of two of the most common modes of translation. The first, the officially sanctioned—though not empirically verified—method, involves the pre-fieldwork production of a standardized translation of the template questionnaire into all or most languages in which interviews are expected to be conducted. The second, rarely acknowledged in the literature but quite common in the field, occurs where there is a mismatch between the language of the questionnaire available to the interviewer and the language in which the actual interview is conducted. In this case, it is up to the interviewer to translate from the language of the questionnaire to the language of the interview. Using the 1998 Kenya DHS, in which 23% of interviews were translated in this non-standardized manner, we explore the effects of the two translation modes on three indicators of measurement error and on estimated multivariate relations. In general we find that the effects of non-standardized translation on univariate statistics—including higher-order variance structures—are rather moderate. The effects become magnified, however, when multivariate analysis is used. This suggests that the advantages of—and also costs associated with—standardized translation depend on the ultimate purposes of data collection.