完善民族地区教育财政转移支付制度的迫切性及对策思考

民族地区教育具有多重的正外部性.本文论述搞好民族地区教育财政转移支付制度的迫切性,并结合教育事业和民族地区的特点,尝试提出完善这一制度的对策思路.     

银行风险行为二阶段模型、监管误差与资本充足要求有效性分析

首先通过建立模型研究银行风险行为的二阶段特性，强调了对资本监管的重要性；然后考虑到信息不对称的存在，提出了监管误差的概念，并分析了监管误差对产生金融风险的影响；最后分析了资本充足要求对弥补监管误差所起的作用，从而得出资本充足性要求是有效的结论．     

Nonparametric Methods in Continuous Time Model Specification

Some popular parametric diffusion processes have been assumed as such underlying diffusion processes. This paper considers an important case where both the drift and volatility functions of the underlying diffusion process are unknown functions of the underlying process, and then proposes using two novel testing procedures for the parametric specification of both the drift and diffusion functions. The finite-sample properties of the proposed tests are assessed through using data generated from four popular parametric models. In our implementation, we suggest using a simulated critical value for each case in addition to the use of an asymptotic critical value. Our detailed studies show that there is little size distortion when using a simulated critical value while the proposed tests have some size distortions when using an asymptotic critical value in each case.     

Why do Socioeconomic Differences in Women’s Living Standards Converge After Union Dissolution?

Union dissolution is a critical event for women’s living standards. Previous work has found that women in high-income unions lose more from union dissolution than women in low-income unions. This study proposes two mechanisms to explain this “convergence” in living standards. The compensation mechanism concerns the ability to compensate the loss of partner earnings with alternative sources of income, whereas the partner independence mechanism concerns how much women stand to lose from dissolution in the first place. To test these mechanisms, the author drew on a unique administrative dataset from the Netherlands, covering women who experienced dissolution within ten years after union formation (N = 57,960). A decomposition analysis showed that convergence was not driven by compensation: women from all income groups decreased their household size and re-partnered, women from low-income unions increased transfer income, and women from high-income unions increased personal earnings and decreased tax payments. Instead, convergence was driven by partner independence: women from lower-income unions depended relatively less on their partners because they relied more on transfer income prior to dissolution. These results demonstrate how partners’ interdependence moderates the consequences of life events. The welfare state plays a crucial role in this process.     

村庄金融环境与农户创业行为

本文提出了根据村庄附近金融机构的分布情况构建金融环境指数的方法,并利用这种方法所构建的金融指数分析了村庄金融环境对农户创业行为的影响。文章的结论表明,金融环境确实对农户的创业行为有积极促进作用,不但有助于农户创业,而且有助于已经创业的农户扩大规模变成企业家。进一步以金融机构为解释变量的分析表明,四大国有银行对农户创业并没有影响;农村信用社对农户创业有积极影响,但不会影响农户是否成为企业家;新型农村金融机构对农户创业和成为企业家都有积极影响。     

金融稳定与加速器效应的非对称性

本文在传统BGG模型的基础上,通过构建一个包含银行部门(不)稳定度的随机动态一般均衡模型(DSGE),从金融稳定的视角揭示加速器效应非对称性的微观机理及其对宏观经济的影响。结论表明:金融加速器的放大机制受到企业自身经营状况和银行机会成本的双重影响;金融不稳定因素通过预期违约损失的方式影响银行部门的机会成本,进而改变放大弹性,最终对加速器效应起到放大作用。因此,当金融部门不稳定时,金融加速器效应更为显著。     

An Approximate Bayesian Algorithm for Combining Forecasts*

In this paper we propose a consensus forecasting method based on a convex combination of individual forecast densities. The exact Bayesian updating of the convex combination weights is very complex and practically prohibitive. We propose a simple sequential updating alternative method based on function approximation. Several examples illustrate the method.     

公司治理于财务困难公司效果之研究

美国Enron案发生后,为维护资本市场安定与保护投资大众,各国均致力提倡公司治理,如强化董监结构、股权结构与提升透明度等。然而,在主管机关与公司管理当局均认为企业公司治理机制已有显著的强化后,台湾企业诸如博达、讯碟等公司仍然持续爆发弊案。因此,治理政策是否确实落实执行于各企业,值得深入探讨。因此,本研究拟以财务危机公司的公司治理机制及其影响为探讨重点。首先了解公司爆发财务危机前的公司治理运作情形,进而讨论在发生财务危机后,采用各项公司治理机制是否对提升公司财务状况有所帮助,提供主管机关及投资人决策之分析。实证结果显示,董监事持股,控制股东担任董事监察人、专业经理人担任董事席位数、董事会规模这三项皆可做为投资人投资公司的参考,及财务危机公司是否能转危为安的判断依据。     

论金融创新与科技型中小企业融资发展

本文通过分析科技型中小企业融资存在的问题,找寻造成融资障碍的原因,最后从金融创新角度探求冲破科技型中小企业融资障碍的新路径,从而推动科技型中小企业的进一步发展。     

欧美国家反洗钱金融防范及其对我国的启示

文章阐释了欧美国家反洗钱金融防范体系中核心部分的相关措施,旨在说明市场经济条件下我国反洗钱金融防范面临的问题及原因,并对我国建立与健全反洗钱金融防范体系提出了一些具有建设性的意见.