Generalized Laplacian Distributions and Autoregressive Processes

Generalized Laplacian distribution is considered. A new distribution called geometric generalized Laplacian distribution is introduced and its properties are studied. First- and higher-order autoregressive processes with these stationary marginal distributions are developed and studied. Simulation studies are conducted and trajectories of the process are obtained for selected values of the parameters. Various areas of application of these models are discussed.     

Bimodal skew-symmetric normal distribution

ABSTRACT

We introduce a new parsimonious bimodal distribution, referred to as the bimodal skew-symmetric Normal (BSSN) distribution, which is potentially effective in capturing bimodality, excess kurtosis, and skewness. Explicit expressions for the moment-generating function, mean, variance, skewness, and excess kurtosis were derived. The shape properties of the proposed distribution were investigated in regard to skewness, kurtosis, and bimodality. Maximum likelihood estimation was considered and an expression for the observed information matrix was provided. Illustrative examples using medical and financial data as well as simulated data from a mixture of normal distributions were worked.     

Financial-Firm Production of Monetary Services: A Generalized Symmetric Baroett Variable-Profit-Function Approach

An alternative monetary-production model of financial firms is employed to investigate supply-side monetary aggregation. Financial firms are conceived to produce monetary services as outputs through financial intermediation. A new method for testing the existence of consistent monetary-output aggregates in financial firms' production technology is developed in terms of a multiproduct firm's variable profit function, and the method does not require homotheticity of the aggregator function. We use a generalized symmetric Barnett flexible functional form. That specification satisfies global curvature conditions and retains its flexibility under the null hypothesis of weak separability. Neither of those properties is possessed by other flexible functional forms.     

Dynamic Savings Decisions in Agricultural Environments With Incomplete Markets

We develop a methodology for examining savings behavior in rural areas of developing countries that explicitly incorporates the sequential decision process in agriculture. The approach is used to examine the relative importance of alternative forms of savings in the presence and absence of formal financial intermediaries. Our results, based on stage-specific panel data from Pakistan, provide evidence that the presence of financial intermediaries importantly influences the use of formal savings and transfers for income smoothing. We also find that there are significant biases in evaluations of the savings-income relationship that are inattentive to the within-year dynamics of agricultural production.     

Tukey-Type Distributions in the Context of Financial Data

Abstract

In one-parameter (θ) families, we were not aware of explicit hypothesis testing scenarios where maximal invariant statistics failed to distinguish the models. We start with a concrete example (Sec. 2.2) to highlight such a hypothesis testing problem involving markedly different models. In this problem, because of the absence of a nontrivial uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) test, we briefly suggest two approaches to test the hypothesis. The first resolution (Sec. 3.1) is frequentist in nature. It utilizes a weight function on the parameter space and compares “average” distributions obtained under the null and alternative models in the sense of Wald (1947 Wald , A. ( 1947 ). Sequential Analysis . New York : Wiley . [Google Scholar] 1950 Wald , A. ( 1950 ). Statistical Decision Functions . New York : Wiley . [Google Scholar]). In contrast, a fully Bayesian resolution (Sec. 3.2) is also included. The note ends with a series of other interesting examples involving one-parameter families where maximal invariant statistics fail to distinguish the hypothesized models. The examples include easy-to-construct families of probability models involving only a single location or scale parameter θ.     

Regression Properties for Asymmetric Generalized Scale Mixtures of Multivariate Gaussian Variables

Analytical properties of regression and the variance–covariance matrix of asymmetric generalized scale mixture of multivariate Gaussian variables are presented. The analysis includes an in-depth analytical investigation of the first two conditional moments of the mixing variable. Exact computable expressions for the prediction and the conditional variance are presented for the generalized hyperbolic distribution using the inversion theorem for Fourier transforms. An application to financial log returns is demonstrated via the classical Euler approximation. The methodology is illustrated by analyzing the regression of intraday log returns for CISCO against the corresponding data from S&P 500.     

1949年国民党上海市银行的接收清理与结束

上海市银行于1929年由上海市政府设立,是国民党政府时期的一家典型地方政府银行。上海解放后,根据新民主主义经济政策的规定,被新中国政府列入接管的范围。1949年原国民党上海市银行被接收、清理和结束表明,原上海市银行的体制、机制、组织人事,更多地带有政府机关的特征,其业务经营也主要服务于原上海地方政府的财政收支及日常运作,这是该银行的基本属性使然。上海市银行与四行二局往来联系较密切,是整个官僚资本金融体系的重要组成部分。     

金融中介成本与经济增长--基于中国分区数据的实证研究

很多研究表明,金融中介发展和经济增长之间关系的问题存在多种不同结论。本文以1979—2004年各省统计数据为基础,运用实证方法探讨中国金融中介成本与经济增长速度之间的关系。结果表明我国金融中介成本与经济增长之间呈微弱相关性,在某些特定条件下还是负相关。结果还表明经济繁荣地区的金融中介成本与经济增长关系比经济发展地区、经济落后地区要强．文章对此现象进行了一定程度的解释。     

轻重学说在汉武帝时的实践和发展——兼论耿寿昌的常平仓制度

轻重学说旨在增收国家财政,这一性质使其成为封建政府解决财政危机的重要工具。西汉武帝政府面对＂县官空虚＂的财政状况,不仅把＂立币,国铜＂、＂官山海＂、＂敛之以轻,散之以重＂等轻重理论运用于增收国家财政的实践,还在实践中发展了这种学说。轻重学说在宣帝时耿寿昌的常平仓制度中亦有体现。     

发展中大国的金融发展与经济增长——基于规模效应的分析

近年来,发展中大国在其宏观经济诸多方面均表现出强劲的上升趋势。该发展浪潮往往被归因于规模效应——凭借规模经济、范围经济和聚集经济效应等导致了生产率的提高。通过将金融发展的特征嵌入到已有的增长和规模效应理论中,可以检验发展中大国金融发展和经济增长之间的关系,分析其产出、投资、贸易以及金融之间的相互关联效应,从而把握发展中大国的总体发展趋势。在金融危机发生时,经济刺激政策更应该倾向于贸易和投资领域,而不是金融领域,也就是说,在发展中大国,金融发展对经济的刺激作用非常明显地低于贸易和投资两个最重要的实体经济领域。