在找寻中孤独，在撕裂中前行——《爱历元年》的女性悲歌

《爱历元年》的女性悲歌表明王跃文对爱情婚姻所持的依然是男权中心的理想主义态度。《爱历元年》揭示了秩序化的社会道德和理性的婚姻形式下,女性个体存在的孤独本质和对情爱的强烈渴望;展示了在激情的眩惑与理性的撕裂下,现代女性无法逾越的精神困惑和生存无奈。这种理性的社会秩序和个人的情感欲望之间的冲突,是对现代人生命自由和人类生存困境的探索与超越,它以具有鲜活生命体验的欲望书写和属己的生命经纬激发着人们的体悟和反思。     

国际执法合作:反腐败斗争的新路径--以《联合国反腐败公约》为主要视角

《联合国反腐败公约》是联合国反腐败领域的第一个重要公约,加入和实施该公约对于中国的反腐败斗争必将产生深远影响。该公约的签署揭开了反腐败领域的国际执法合作的新篇章,这为我们的反腐败斗争提供了一个有效的新路径,即集世界各国之力共同打击腐败这一人类公敌。适时调整我们的刑事司法制度,适应公约的要求,加大反腐败国际执法合作的力度,让贪官污吏真正无处可逃,是当前一个刻不容缓的重大课题。     

地方政府行为模式多样性的经济学分析

中国的市场化改革带来了经济领域的分权,导致各地方政府成为具有独立地位的利益主体,分别在特定的约束条件下追求自身的最大化利益。可以将地方政府界定为以地方党委主要领导为首的在地方事务中发挥核心作用的领导层,其在特定的约束条件下追求特定的利益目标。通过地方政府效能分配模型可以说明,不同地方政府由于面临约束条件的差别,产生了利益目标、追求目标方式等方面的差别,因而产生了多样化的地方政府行为模式。     

中国共产党必须赢得当代中国进步青年——基于中共一大的分析与反思

中国共产党的诞生、发展、壮大同中国进步青年息息相关。进一步分析中共一大代表的详细情况可以发现,中国共产党必须始终代表青年、依靠青年和赢得青年,才能巩固自己的执政地位;中国共产党必须培养青年、教育青年和引领青年,青年才能健康成长;中国共产党必须重视、吸引和争取青年知识分子,才能始终保持自身的先进性。在当代,中国共产党与中国进步青年息息相关、命运与共,必须加强二者的联系与互动,推动中国共产党和青年的共同发展。     

International-domestic linkages in a developing-country context: the case of the Rohingyas in Bangladesh

ABSTRACT

Since 1978, the Rohingya have been fleeing Myanmar and taking refuge in Bangladesh. The state of Bangladesh is not a signatory to the Geneva Convention and does not recognize refugee rights, but the initial experiences with the Rohingya refugee population led the government to create a temporary and ad hoc domestic policy advisory and refugee management system, which eventually became highly politicized. There was also some degree of slow “externalization” of policy advice through the involvement of international organizations from 2006–2007 onward, mainly through the participation of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and International Organization for Migration (IOM). Over 2017–2018, there was a massive influx of refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh. The domestic advisory and refugee management system lacked the capacity to manage the crisis and had to quickly and greatly externalize policy advice and refugee management. The UNHCR and IOM came in with a host of international organizational networks and coordinated with each other and the state through a multi-sectoral approach to manage the crisis. This externalization led to the systematization and institutionalization of the state’s domestic advisory system. However the effect of externalization on politicization is equivocal; on the one hand it decreased politicization of the domestic policy advisory system, but on the other hand, it created new levels of politicization.     

World Development and the Restructuring of the Industrial Economies

This paper reports on the joint SPM/CRANEC Catholic University of Milan symposium on “World Development and the Restructuring of Industrial Economies” held at Bellagio, Lake Como, Italy during the week of 10–15 September 1979. The symposium was organized to discuss the adjustments required by the industrialized economies when adapting to the changes inherent in present world development trends, as well as to help define national and international policy measures that might be used to facilitate the restructuring process. This report reviews the key issues, alternative strategies for restructuring, and policy measures for restructuring discussed at the symposium. It also offers some conclusions based on the results of the symposium.     

White and nonwhite trends in first birth timing: Comparisons using vital registration and current population surveys

The magnitude of racial differences in first birth timing vary greatly depending upon the data sources from which they are estimated. Vital registration data (Heuser 1976; with updates from the National Center for Health Statistics 1974–1990) show that in recent years nonwhites have higher risks of a first birth at virtually all ages compared to whites. As a result very large and historically novel differentials in childlessness are forecast using these data (see Rindfuss et al. 1988; Chen & Morgan 1991; Morgan & Chen 1992). However, retrospective fertility history data collected from the 1980, 1985 and 1990 Current Population Surveys (CPS) suggest much smaller racial differences in completed childlessness and isolate racial differences in probabilities of first births at young ages. Differences also exist between theses two series for whites prior to the mid-1960s but not afterwards. Reasons for these differing estimates are suggested and examined. We conclude that a substantial portion of the differences result from an accumulation of biases in the vital registration estimates that affect primarily estimates of first birth timing. Thus, the CPS data provide a more firm basis for racial comparisons of first birth timing.     

A case–control study relating railroad worker mortality to diesel exhaust exposure using a threshold regression model

A case–control study of lung cancer mortality in U.S. railroad workers in jobs with and without diesel exhaust exposure is reanalyzed using a new threshold regression methodology. The study included 1256 workers who died of lung cancer and 2385 controls who died primarily of circulatory system diseases. Diesel exhaust exposure was assessed using railroad job history from the US Railroad Retirement Board and an industrial hygiene survey. Smoking habits were available from next-of-kin and potential asbestos exposure was assessed by job history review. The new analysis reassesses lung cancer mortality and examines circulatory system disease mortality. Jobs with regular exposure to diesel exhaust had a survival pattern characterized by an initial delay in mortality, followed by a rapid deterioration of health prior to death. The pattern is seen in subjects dying of lung cancer, circulatory system diseases, and other causes. The unique pattern is illustrated using a new type of Kaplan–Meier survival plot in which the time scale represents a measure of disease progression rather than calendar time. The disease progression scale accounts for a healthy-worker effect when describing the effects of cumulative exposures on mortality.     

《联合国海洋法公约》生效以来对我国海洋地理教育的影响

《联合国海洋法公约》对中国的生效,对我国的海洋地理教育产生了深远影响。主要表现为:在地理教育内容上应对国家领土主权的概念重新定位,改革现行地理教材;使国防安全教育有了更准确的空间范围指向;将影响我国海洋法制进程;对海洋资源可利用的范围有了新的界定;使受教育群体多样化;对地理人才的培养目标和地理教育工作者提出了更高的要求。     

列宁社会主义改革思想的“民本”特质

列宁领导下的苏维埃政权在1921年开始实行的新经济政策,实际上是社会主义实践史上的第一次重大改革。在列宁对这场改革运动所进行的思考和探索中,体现了“以民为本”的社会价值观,其改革思想蕴含着丰厚的“民本”特质,这种特质在列宁对改革的动因、目的、标准、主体选择以及政策措施设计等方面都有充分的反映。这种精神特质在一定意义上正是中国共产党人“代表最广大人民群众的根本利益”这一宗旨的重要泉源。