OPTIMAL SOFTWARE RELEASE POLICY BASED ON MARKOVIAN PERFECT DEBUGGING MODEL

In this paper we consider a Markovian perfect debugging model for which the software failure is caused by two types of faults, one which is easily detected and the other which is difficult to detect. When a failure occurs, a perfect debugging is immediately performed and consequently one fault is reduced from fault contents. We also treat the debugging time as a variable to develop a new debugging model. Based on the perfect debugging model, we propose an optimal software release policy that satisfies the requirements for both software reliability and expected number of faults which are required to achieve before releasing the software. Several measures, including the distribution of first passage time to the specified number of removed faults, are also obtained using the proposed debugging model.     

女排精神：一种集体记忆的建构——以《人民日报》（1981—2016）相关报道为例

本文将借助集体记忆理论,通过分析1981年至2016年《人民日报》关于女排精神的报道文本,研究媒体如何建构女排精神,使其成为一种激励国人的精神力量和集体记忆.研究发现媒体对女排精神的内涵阐释从改革开放初期顽强拼搏、为国争光,到改革攻坚阶段的不忘初心、永不言弃、实现中国梦,这一变化是适应社会变迁的需要,加强了国家认同.集体记忆是一种选择性记忆,政府为媒体议程设置,媒体对女排精神的传播以影响民众.媒体在集体记忆建构过程中发挥了再现记忆和创造记忆的作用.     

蒋翊武是文学社的实际领袖

1911年 10月爆发的武昌起义 ,是推翻中国几千年封建帝制的关键所在。当时湖北新军中的文学社和共进会是这次伟大起义的重要力量。作为文学社的社长、湖北革命军的总指挥蒋翊武 ,在创建革命组织、壮大革命队伍、联合共进会、谋划武装起义 ,以及探求文学社的归宿等方面 ,一直起着举足轻重的作用     

苏北“三农”问题的现状分析与研究

从江苏省“两个率先”目标的高度,就江苏苏北地区的“三农”问题进行分析,指出能否解决苏北“三农”问题已是影响江苏实现“两个率先”目标的关键,进而提出了解决苏北“三农”问题应从转变观念、提高农民国民待遇、加强农村基础设施建设和加快农村经济结构调整,以及加快苏北城市化建设,促进农村劳动力转移和控制人口增长,开发苏北农村的人力资源着手。     

斡旋受贿犯罪立法的反思与重构——以《联合国反腐败公约》为视角

我国《刑法》规定的斡旋受贿犯罪是受贿罪的一种特殊表现形式。刑法学界对于斡旋受贿犯罪的独立性及其构成要件等问题一直争论不休,究其原因,主要是我国斡旋受贿犯罪立法本身存在诸多问题。因此,应借鉴《联合国反腐败公约》有关影响力交易罪的规定,对我国斡旋受贿犯罪立法进行重新审视,并对之加以重构。     

现代国际法中的集体安全制度

国际社会从各国实行的单独安全保障机制过渡到集体安全保障机制,《联合国宪章》建立了现行有效的全世界范围内的集体安全机制。分析《联合国宪章》所建立的集体安全机制目前面临的诸多挑战,并从加强国际法立法、解释,完善《联合国宪章》等方面提出加强集体安全机制的若干措施。     

《联合国反腐败公约》与我国刑法中私营部门内贿赂犯罪之比较与评析

《联合国反腐败公约》规定的私营部门贿赂犯罪在我国刑法典中就是指公司、企业工作人员受贿罪,向公司、企业工作人员行贿罪。两者对私营部门贿赂犯罪的规定在犯罪主体、贿赂物的范围、主观要件、客观行为等方面有一定的差别。我国刑法应采取扩大私营部门惩治贿赂犯罪的主体范围,扩大惩治贿赂的范围,改变现行刑法典以"利益"为核心构建的贿赂犯罪行为人的主观心理等完善措施。     

I'm Not for Sale: Teaching About Human Trafficking

Even though slavery is illegal in all countries, it is still practiced in the form of human trafficking. In fact, there are about twenty-five million men, women, and children who are victims of human trafficking, a 150-billion-dollar industry that affects every country across the globe. Modern communications, such as the Internet and cell phones, exacerbate the problem of human trafficking and law enforcement faces enormous challenges in detecting, arresting, and prosecuting human traffickers. Victims, fifty percent of whom are children, are sold into prostitution, forced marriages, and forced labor in sweatshops, agriculture, and mining. Additionally, some victims are forced into armed conflicts as children; others are killed and their organs are harvested and sold on the black market. It is estimated that 50,000 victims are brought into the United States annually. Human trafficking is a moral outrage, as well as a violation of American and international law. Social studies education must teach about this egregious human rights violation and encourage students to become involved in stopping this modern-day slavery. By incorporating lessons into their curricula, all teachers can help produce young citizens dedicated to protecting human rights for all people.     

Spatial approaches to measure subnational inequality: Implications for Sustainable Development Goals

The United Nations expressed an interest in reducing subnational (i.e., province and state level) inequality. We propose using a spatial decomposition of the Gini coefficient (SDGC) to track changes in subnational inequality. Typically, agencies do not track summary measures of subnational clustering of development indicators. Tracking changes in the SDGC can help measure and reduce regional inequality. To illustrate the use of the SDGC, we first present data for 93 nations to obtain cross‐sectional variation. Next, to illustrate how the SDGC trends over time, changes in the Human Development Index in Mongolia are compared to Russia and China. The SDGC can show improvement, decline and persistent clustering of subnational level inequality. The SDGC is a useful measure for the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals.     

The mortality of Allied prisoners of war and Belgian civilian deportees in German custody during the First World War: A reappraisal of the effects of forced labour

Influenced by results for the Second World War, recent research on forced labour in Imperial Germany during the Great War has stressed continuities of racial discrimination against East European workers. While agreeing that prisoners of war (POWs) from Russia were discriminated against, I reject the view that this led to a significantly worse mortality regime for the group as a whole. Using the same raw data, I calculate annual rates which show that the mortality of POWs from Russia was only slightly higher than that of French and Belgian POWs but much lower than that of British and Italian POWs and of Belgian civilian deportees. I argue that this unexpected outcome is explained by the fact that the POWs who came early into German captivity faced a lower risk of being employed in urban industrial areas, with their much more unfavourable food and disease environment.