重庆市主城区生活垃圾处理产业化的探索

本文在对主城区生活垃圾处理现状调查的基础上 ,根据重庆市主城区生活垃圾处理方面存在的主要问题 ,对重庆市主城区生活垃圾处理产业化进行了可行性分析。结合重庆实际分析阻碍其产业化的因素 ,并提出相应的措施和具体的建议     

1.5m2高频振动筛结构改进

针对目前在矿棉板备浆生产线上广泛使用的高频振动筛存在的噪音大、动力消耗大、筛板易堵塞、除渣效果差等 问题,对高频振动筛筛框结构、筛板形状和减震弹簧等进行了优化改进,对振动频率、振幅、筛板的孔径通过理论计算得 出几个基本数值范围,再通过对基本数值范围内的不同数值的实际测试,确定最佳数值。新设计的振动筛经实际使用表 明运行稳定,浆料利用率高,能耗低,噪音小,取得了很好的经济效果。     

河北省城镇化与大气环境污染相关性研究

2000--2012年河北省城镇化进入快速发展阶段,在带动经济增长的同时,也造成了环境容量的过载,带来了严重的大气污染。利用计量软件Eviews6．0研究了城镇人口的增加与工业废气排放量之间存在单向的格兰杰因果关系,通过协整分析了两个变量之间存在长期和短期的均衡关系。提出在大气环境容量的约束下,河北省新型城镇化的发展要打造特色中小城镇和区域绿色主导产业等,保持适度的规模和速度,不能再盲目求快,造成大气环境的进一步恶化。     

危险废物最小化原则浅析

城市化和工业化的快速发展导致大量危险废物的产生,给人类社会和环境造成了非常不利的影响。本文试图回答如何将此种影响控制在尽可能小的范围内,以及如何借鉴国外的有益经验,指导中国改变粗放式的生产方式和“用了就扔”的消费模式,采取循环经济模式以实现危险废物产生量、危害性的最小化以及经济和社会的可持续发展。     

论中国食品艺术之本体与存在

中国食品艺术通过食艺的调适完成对自然的转换、聚合与超离,并以现实化的感性存在凸显社会性的文化与生活姿韵。中国食品艺术的主体化原则,在味形式化过程得到充分呈显,艺术审美旨趣渗现于“食味”制作、享受与沟通,充分确证了中国食品艺术的独特存在与价值。     

Bounding Estimates for Critical Events When Directly Disposing Highly Enriched Spent Nuclear Fuel in Unsaturated Tuff

This paper examines the possibility of criticality in a nuclear waste repository. The estimated probabilities are rough bounds and do not entirely dismiss the possibility of a critical condition; however, they do point to the difficulty of creating conditions under which a critical mass could be assembled (i.e., corrosion of containers, separation of neutron absorbers from the fissile material, and collapse or precipitation of the fissile material). In addition, should a criticality occur in or near a container, the bounding consequence calculations showed that fissions from one critical event are quite small (<˜10²⁰ fissions, if similar to aqueous and metal accidents and experiments). Furthermore, a reasonable upper bound of total critical events of 10²⁸ fissions corresponds to only 0.1% of the number of fissions represented by the spent nuclear fuel inventory in a repository containing 70,000 metric tons of heavy metal (MTHM) (the expected size for the proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada).     

Intergenerational Risk Decision Making: A Practical Example

There is no such thing as intergenerational decision making, at least not yet. In fact, there is no such thing as intragenerational decision making in the context of maximizing overall social good given resource limitations, there are just decisions being made in an ad hoc fashion. Even if one assumes that there is such a thing as intragenerational decision making, no uniform standard or guidance exists to make societal decisions for the common good. Risks to society are judged unevenly within the same agency and across agencies. Decisions are made in isolation and not weighed in the societal context of what is intra or intergenerationally important. The National Academy of Public Administration (NAPA) has set forth a framework for intergenerational decision making that provides a consistent and fair basis for making tough decisions in order to address difficult issues such as the long-term disposal of nuclear wastes. NAPA recognizes that there is an intergenerational obligation that must encompass broader questions than the narrow issue of waste disposal since resources are finite and needs are great. The fundamental principles are based on sustainability with the overarching objective that "no generation should needlessly, now or in the future, deprive its successors of the opportunity to enjoy a quality of life equivalent to its own." Coupled with this objective are four supporting principles of trusteeship, sustainability, chain of obligation, and precaution. The NAPA process also recognizes that no decision can be final and that a "rolling future" view is better than making decisions for "all time." It attempts to balance the needs of the present with those of the future in an open and transparent process that is aimed at producing a decision, not just endless analysis. The U.S. Congress and president should develop a rational standard by which to judge laws that involve intra and intergenerational issues relative to the overall societal good. Present regulations need to be evaluated relative to a uniform level of risk and benefit to assess where the limited money available can do the most good for both the present and future generations in the context of NAPA sustainability principles. It is hoped that decision makers will take a serious look at this process since it can work to resolve stakeholder stalemate.     

从《去吧，摩西》看福克纳的生态伦理观

在著名短篇小说集《去吧,摩西》中,福克纳把南方文明的衰败归结于人与人之间关系的恶化及人对大自然的破坏,并在新人艾克身上寄予他的超越时代的生态思想。     

The Vulnerability of the Nevada Visitor Economy to a Repository at Yucca Mountain

This article reviews the studies commissioned by the Nevada Nuclear Waste Project Office to estimate the economic impact of a high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. Case studies found that visitor impacts occur for some analogous facilities, but not for others. Assessments of behavioral intent indicate that at least some economic agents would avoid visiting Nevada under repository scenarios. A third set of studies tested the risk-aversion and negative-imagery models of visitor decision making; people avoid visiting places associated with either a significant health risk or negative imagery, but it has yet to be shown that a repository would induce these perceptions in nearby places. In sum, the NWPO-sponsored studies suggest the potential for visitor impacts, but do confirm that these effects will occur.     

Options in Radioactive Waste Management Revisited: A Proposed Framework for Robust Decision Making

Deregulation, with concurrent pressure on electricity utilities, has fundamentally changed the once-"closed" radioactive waste management system controlled by the so-called "nuclear establishment." Advocacy coalitions may change-who knows in which direction-but policy learning may also take place. This article presents a framework to evaluate the management options for a specified concept of "sustainability." When weighing the different objectives in view of the long-lasting potential danger of radiotoxic substances, the overall goal of a sound waste management system is to demonstrate safety. The first-priority objective of a disposal system, therefore, is its stability so that it can comply with the protection goal, that is, the long-term protection of humans and the environment from ionizing radiation. The complementary objective is flexibility, defined here as intervention potential. Because trade-offs within the "sustainability triangle" of ecology, economy, and society are unavoidable, the concept of "integral robustness"-both technical and societal-is introduced into radioactive waste management. A system is robust if it is not sensitive to significant parameter changes. In the present case, it has to have a conservative, passively stable design with built-in control and intervention mechanisms. With regard to technical implementation, a concept called "monitored long-term geological disposal" is presented. Such an "extended" final disposal concept emphasizes technical robustness, recognizes evaluation demands (for a potential break-off of a project), and enhances process-based transparency. This open approach admittedly sets high challenges with regard to technicalities as well as the institutional setting and the management process. It requires "mutual learning" by and from all stakeholders to achieve a truly sustainable radioactive waste management system.