“福柯在叙拉古”:“政治精神性”中的主体性实践

福柯对伊朗革命持支持立场而被人称为他的“叙拉古问题”。他为伊朗革命中的“政治精神性”所着迷，然而遭到了知识界众多批评和指责。本文尝试理解“政治精神性”，并对福柯所持的赞许态度做出明证。通过分析福柯1978年以及之后的思想著作，文章试图阐明福柯支持“政治精神性”的两种层面，它体现出人的集体意志和超越世俗性的力量，在福柯眼中它们就是反抗西方理性政治的有力武器。加上福柯对多元文化的偏好，造就了他对伊朗革命的支持态度。“政治精神性”同时联系起了福柯思想中后期从政治到主体的两大元素，他从政治领域的“生命政治”到伦理领域的“自我技术”，都在探究个人如何转变其自身主体性，并沿着主体性实践开展他的现代性研究。福柯并非完全正确，但他借伊朗革命所体现的政治精神性，为公共政治领域讨论提供了一种主体性实践视角的新立场。     

葛兰西论侦探小说——兼及福柯关于犯罪文学的话语分析

葛兰西从美学高度分析了侦探小说的商业性．提出应从“实际的和文化的、政治的和道德的”等方面分析侦探小说流行的原因。葛兰西最与众不同之处在于．他实际上将侦探小说视为“人民一民族”的文学的一个部分。福柯的话语分析则表明,侦探小说、或者犯罪文学是围绕着权力展开的话语实践转型的产物。并在诸多社会层面产生与之相关的话语效果。二者的分析有趣地勾画了侦探小说历史流变的谱系。     

教师话语权与大学教学理性建构

教师话语权是指教师凭借知识优势和教学智慧而掌控教学、影响教学发展方向的一种权力和能力,是教师对教学的控制力、对学生的影响力。大学教学理性就是对大学教学本质和规律的认识、把握及自觉遵循。教师话语权的运行状况影响着大学教学的整体状态。教师话语权的僭越会造成学生的“失语”,导致大学教学理性的失落。而教师话语权的合理行使则有利于大学教学理性的回归,使大学教学呈现出理性的状态。福柯的“话语与权力”理论和“生存美学”思想是一种不滥用权力、创造美好生活的生存智慧,它无疑为大学教师合理行使话语权提供了有益的启示。因此,大学教师应坚持理性的价值取向,谦卑地对待话语权;发挥主体性,坚持独立的话语权;营造对话的课堂氛围,与学生分享话语权;促进自身专业发展,不断提升话语权,使教学活动在遵循教学规律的基础上保持适当的教学张力,从而推动大学教学理性的建构。     

Neoliberal disorientations: changing landscapes of disability and governance in India

This article delves into questions of neoliberal disorientations experienced by disabled people in the context of a participatory development self-help group project from the World Bank in south India. I explore ways in which neoliberal development regimes produce exclusionary forms of inclusion by producing subjects who are ‘able-disabled’. I ethnographically examine ‘who gets counted’ and ‘what gets counted’ within the neoliberal governance framework, and what remains outside. Deconstructing participatory development approaches from a critical disability perspective, the article sheds light on processes of inclusion through exclusion in the neoliberal framework of governance. It highlights what is at stake for disability futures in the context of austerity in the Global South.     

简述福柯的权力观

福柯的权力思想，批判性地分析了各种权力理论，在后现代性的理论立场上，建立起一整套权力理论。他采取片断性、非连续性、多样性的方式，用相对主义的观点解释了权力的内涵，进而科学的论述了权力的运作机制，即通过规训成功的层级监视、规范化裁决以及检查三个阶段，使权力发挥作用。     

从《这幅画》看海勒的历史观

海勒在小说《这幅画》(Picture This)中,以拼贴画的手法展现纷乱的历史事件,旨在构建他的历史观:历史不是辩证发展的统一体,历史是重复的;“历史是胡言乱语”。这种历史观与以福柯为代表的后现代派理论家的思想相契合,意在向传统的辩证历史观发出挑战。     

A Foucauldian Analysis of Old Age and the Power of Social Welfare

Abstract

It is argued that the question of social welfare is a key, if often overlooked, component in the construction of power relations and identities in later life that can take its place next to debates on bioethics and consumer lifestyle. Foucault's (1977) claim, that identities are kept in place through the deployment of integrated systems of power and knowledge and a routine operation of surveillance and assessment, is critically examined in this context. Trends in social welfare in the United Kingdom are used as a case example that sheds light on wider contemporary issues associated with old age. Finally, implications for the creation of particular narratives about later life are discussed and grounded through Foucault's (1988) notion of “technologies of self.”     

Discourse and the containment of disability in higher education: an institutional analysis

We use a social model of disability to examine disability discourse at a regional university in the mid-western United States. Using an institutional unit of analysis and several different information sources (e.g. interviews, federal regulations, syllabus texts, surveys), we illustrate the ways in which disability-as-difference is governed by an architecture of containment at the university.     

Walt Whitman,Our Great Gay Poet?

ABSTRACT

This article surveys the critical debates around Walt Whitman's “Calamus” cluster, arguing that a “queer” reading of Whitman—one that does not see him as, for example, a closeted homosexual who censored his work for fear of being “outed”—is both historically accurate and politically efficacious. While previous efforts to reclaim Whitman as “our great gay poet” are understandable—particularly given critical readings of Whitman that denied the homoeroticism of his poems—today, a reading of Whitman as homosexual threatens to simplify our understanding of the history of homosexuality and to blunt the power of Whitman's poetry to continue to “queer” normative understandings of sex and gender identity categories and their relationship to politics.     

Debates on Immigration

No abstract available for this article.