Using Foucault's “Disciplinary Power” and “Resistance” in Cross-Cultural Psychotherapy

Foucault's conceptualization of power relations provides a theoretical framework for cross-cultural psychotherapy reimbursed by a managed health insurance plan. Utilizing extensive case material from psychotherapy with a White therapist and an African American adolescent, the paper discusses how clinical social workers can operate within, but not be completely of dominant power structures. Applications are also made to supervision, education, and administration.     

The governmentalities of neoliberalism: panopticism,post‐panopticism and beyond

This paper draws on the writings of Michel Foucault, in particular his lectures on biopolitics at the Collège de France from 1978–79, to examine liberalism and neoliberalism as governmental forms that operate through different models of surveillance. First, this paper re‐reads Foucault's Discipline and Punish in the light of his analysis of the art of liberal government that is advanced through the course of these lectures. It is argued that the Panopticon is not just an architecture of power centred on discipline and normalization, as is commonly understood, but a normative model of the relation of the state to the market which, for Foucault, is ‘the very formula of liberal government’. Second, the limits of panopticism, and by extension liberal governance, are explored through analysis of Gilles Deleuze's account of the shift from disciplinary to ‘control’ societies, and Zygmunt Bauman's writings on individualization and the ‘Synopticon’. In response to Deleuze and Bauman, the final section of this paper returns to Foucault's lectures on biopolitics to argue that contemporary capitalist society is characterized not simply by the decline of state powers (the control society) or the passing down of responsibilities from the state to the individual (the individualization thesis), but by the neoliberal marketization of the state and its institutions; a development which is underpinned by a specific form of governmentality. In conclusion, a four‐fold typology of surveillance is advanced: surveillance as discipline, as control, as interactivity, and as a mechanism for promoting competition. It is argued that while these types of surveillance are not mutually exclusive, they are underpinned by different governmentalities that can be used to address different aspects of the relationship between the state and the market, and with this the social and cultural logics of contemporary forms of market capitalism more broadly.     

论福柯的考古学与谱系学

福柯的考古学与谱系学方法有共同之处：反对历史统一性、连续性,关注断裂与偶然;解构普遍真理神话,关注认识中的偏执与阴暗。不同之处在于：其考古学是一种尽力摆脱社会制度影响的话语分析,而其谱系学则着重权力分析。     

眩感和日光：现代社会的疯癫诸相

福柯的《疯癫与文明》展示了西方社会三个阶段的疯癫状态,随着理性化的不断发展,非理性与理性的关系一直是社会探究的焦点。笔者借鉴福柯对疯癫的理解,发现“眩感”和“日光”正是现代社会非理性与理性的特征关系,并试图分析当下社会中狂躁症和忧郁症、权力暴力运作、精英阶层的规模化外迁等疯癫诸相的状态,以探究社会行动结构的发展。理性化是现代社会的必然趋势,通过权力话语实践,非理性的疯癫诸相将逐渐趋于消失。     

自由的文本、权力的世界——比较德里达与福柯的文本观

索绪尔的结构主义语言学引发人们重新思考文本与世界之间的相互关系。德里达把文本看作语言游戏的迷宫,认为文本之外无它物,文本中的一切都不需要来自外部世界的联系和支援,我们也不再渴望文本能够为我们再现某种世界的真理,而应积极投入到能指的海洋之中。相反,福柯则认为看似封闭、清白、静止的文本其实是各种权力话语的织体,它总是产生并服务于某一特定集团的利益关切。任何自明和常识的知识/文本都有隐藏权力的特性,而这些权力恰恰是生产控制的工具。两者之间的差异也恰好体现出后现代主义文学对待文本与世界之间关系的两条路径。     

空问的哲学：福柯的“异托邦”概念

现代物理学提供了一种新的空间哲学,它也为福柯关于"异托邦"的空间理论提供了灵感."异托邦"与福柯所谓"知识考古学"的精神是一致的,即抵抗以时间为线条,以一元论精神为线索的哲学史.福柯分析了"异托邦"的六个特征,赋予普遍的空间现象以新的内涵,他开发了一种新的空间哲学.     

赛义德后殖民理论对福柯和德里达理论的借鉴

赛义德的后殖民理论主要包括对东方学的剖析、对话语革命策略的探索,以及对未来理想文化蓝图的建构。在这几个方面,赛义德分别借鉴了福柯和德里达的有关理论。他用福柯的知识与权力关系理论来剖析东方学,揭示东方学的实质是东方主义、文化霸权主义或霸权话语;用福柯的权力与反抗关系理论来探索话语革命的策略,指出消解话语霸权的方式是争夺话语权;用德里达的延异理论来建构未来理想的文化蓝图,提出作为自由游戏的杂交文化理论。     

从人道主义到人之死：福柯话语理论的一个重要主题

福柯的话语理论描述了一个另类的历史场景：人道主义不仅是一个巨大的谎言,更是一个无边的陷阱。人道主义是话语权力编织出的修辞幻象,它不是通向人的幸福,而是导致了“人之死”。从一个方面看,“人之死”是人类文明进程中的悲剧,是启蒙理性对人的全面异化,人就像沙滩上的一副面孔将被波浪抹去,这也正是“后现代”境况中人类生存困境的写照;但从另一个方面看,“人之死”又转化为一幕喜剧,以冷酷的姿态嘲弄了包括自由、正义、责任等在内的人道主义谎言。从考古学到系谱学,福柯还原了话语的修辞过程,揭示了历史理性的荒诞,将人该如何生存的问题推向前台。     

现代人的境遇与解放——福柯人学述评

福柯否认实在的、一致的和普遍的人性的存在,认为它只是历史性建构起来的观念。就精神气质来说,福柯的反人文主义是一种超越传统人文主义的“人文主义”。他对现代人的形象进行了独特的描述,认为现代人是权力对现代个体全面奴役的产物,进而批判了现代西方文明泯灭差异性、用普遍性凌驾一切的本质。在福柯看来,现代社会通过三种客体化的方式将人改造成符合主体标准的现代人。针对现代人的历史境遇,他提出了局部斗争和现代生存美学作为人的解放的方案,但是两个方案存在着很多缺陷。     

福柯的哲学谱系及其修行面向

福柯受哲学好奇心的驱使，踏上了摆脱自己、超越自我的哲学征程。考察福柯晚期思想演变发现，福柯一直做的是哲学工作，其中对自我的关注以及对现时当下的关切贯穿始终。福柯晚期在与柏拉图、斯多葛主义、犬儒主义及伊壁鸠鲁主义的思想碰撞中，对哲学的看法发生了重大转变，他将哲学看作是一种体验、一种操练，是思想对自身展开的艰苦劳作，目的是培养一种哲学气质。