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21.
Stephen G. Walker & Bani K. Mallick 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B, Statistical methodology》1997,59(4):845-860
This paper proposes Bayesian nonparametric mixing for some well-known and popular models. The distribution of the observations is assumed to contain an unknown mixed effects term which includes a fixed effects term, a function of the observed covariates, and an additive or multiplicative random effects term. Typically these random effects are assumed to be independent of the observed covariates and independent and identically distributed from a distribution from some known parametric family. This assumption may be suspect if either there is interaction between observed covariates and unobserved covariates or the fixed effects predictor of observed covariates is misspecified. Another cause for concern might be simply that the covariates affect more than just the location of the mixed effects distribution. As a consequence the distribution of the random effects could be highly irregular in modality and skewness leaving parametric families unable to model the distribution adequately. This paper therefore proposes a Bayesian nonparametric prior for the random effects to capture possible deviances in modality and skewness and to explore the observed covariates' effect on the distribution of the mixed effects. 相似文献
22.
连续2年对蒙古扁桃自然居群的传粉昆虫进行了观察。重力玻片法检测结果表明,风媒导致的异株传粉作用可以忽略。蒙古扁桃花散布的气味、花蜜在诱导昆虫传粉中起主要作用。共发现访花昆虫17种,主要包括蜂类、蝇类、蝶类,以蜂类为主。昆虫访花频率与开花习性有关,访问者偏爱访问处于盛花期的花。蒙古扁桃趋向于虫媒的异花授粉,但缺乏忠实的传粉者。 相似文献
23.
目的:探讨肠内营养支持治疗腹部术后胃瘫的护理方法及效果。方法经确诊的11例腹部手术后胃瘫患者均放置鼻胃肠营养管,行肠内营养( EN)治疗,观察患者的适应情况、肛门排气;前白蛋白及淋巴细胞计数等营养状况的变化,做好肠内营养的护理。结果本组病例淋巴细胞计数和前白蛋白术后较术前有显著改变,显示术后早期EN可提高营养状况和机体免疫功能;所有患者胃肠功能均恢复,无再次手术,无相关并发症。结论腹部术后胃瘫患者应用肠内营养可以缩短胃瘫的病程,采用鼻胃肠营养管泵入肠内营养的方法符合生理,且经济、安全、方便,又能减少并发症的发生。 相似文献
24.
Rafael Pino-Mejías Mercedes Carrasco-Mairena Antonio Pascual-Acosta María-Dolores Cubiles-De-La-Vega Joaquín Muñoz-García 《Journal of applied statistics》2008,35(3):233-244
The main models of machine learning are briefly reviewed and considered for building a classifier to identify the Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). We have analyzed 172 patients potentially affected by FXS in Andalusia (Spain) and, by means of a DNA test, each member of the data set is known to belong to one of two classes: affected, not affected. The whole predictor set, formed by 40 variables, and a reduced set with only nine predictors significantly associated with the response are considered. Four alternative base classification models have been investigated: logistic regression, classification trees, multilayer perceptron and support vector machines. For both predictor sets, the best accuracy, considering both the mean and the standard deviation of the test error rate, is achieved by the support vector machines, confirming the increasing importance of this learning algorithm. Three ensemble methods - bagging, random forests and boosting - were also considered, amongst which the bagged versions of support vector machines stand out, especially when they are constructed with the reduced set of predictor variables. The analysis of the sensitivity, the specificity and the area under the ROC curve agrees with the main conclusions extracted from the accuracy results. All of these models can be fitted by free R programs. 相似文献
25.
Ricky Finzi‐Dottan Hadass Goldblatt Orlee Cohen‐Masica 《Child & Family Social Work》2012,17(3):316-325
This qualitative study examined the alienated mothers' experience of motherhood. Data were collected by in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 10 women whose children refused any contact with them. Findings revealed one main theme, ‘Merging vs. detachment’, consisting of four subthemes or motifs in these women's narratives: (i) marriage as an illusion of salvation from an abusive home; (ii) giving birth to a child as compensation for chaotic childhood experiences; (iii) husband exploiting and abusing their sense of failing motherhood; and (iv) the husband and mother‐in‐law expelling the mother. These findings were interpreted within the framework of Bowen's theory. The interpretation suggests that impairment in the mothers' and ex‐husbands' differentiation of the self is manifest in the shattered mother–child relations and in the mothers' loss of their children in the struggle with their mothers‐in‐law. Implications for practice are included. 相似文献
26.
《Journal of gerontological social work》2013,56(3-4):103-129
Through the Living at Home Program (LAHP) 20 communities across the United States have developed cooperative networks involving multiple health and social services providers. The LAHP networks have sought to increase access to care, reduce duplication of services, and identify and fill service gaps. The LAHP national evaluation is examining the inter-organizational linkages that have been implemented by the networks and the characteristics of 1500 clients enrolled for care. Preliminary findings at the midpoint of the evaluation indicate that the networks have moved from a reliance on informal communication and coordination mechanisms at baseline to the use of more formal structural mechanisms over time. Despite the lack of formal targeting criteria, the networks have enrolled a quite frail elderly population. Future analyses will examine variability across the networks in client targeting and service utilization, In order to shed light on the need for utilization review of community based long term care. 相似文献
27.
《Journal of gerontological social work》2013,56(1-2):197-211
Abstract An increasing number of people with Down syndrome are at risk of dementia resulting from Alzheimer's disease. Many reside in community group homes. When they are affected by dementia, the challenge to agencies providing group homes is how to best provide continued housing and provide effective dementia-related care management. In the general population, long term care is typically provided in nursing facilities, often in special care units (SCUs). This study evaluated select factors found in group homes and SCUs to determine which is able to provide a better quality of life for people with Down syndrome affected by dementia. Interviews, using quality of life indicators, were conducted at 20 sites, equally selected from group homes and SCUs, on the basis of their experience with people with dementia. Results indicate that group homes can provide conditions associated with better quality of life and, additionally, operate with lower staffing costs due to the non-utilization of medical staff. 相似文献
28.
This prospective study aimed to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (Met S) and premature ejaculation (PE) among men. The study included 300 consecutive male patients (53.6 y?±?8.7) who attended the urology clinic (December 2013–September 2014), mostly complaining of renal/ureteric calculi. A diagnostic approach was undertaken to include demographics, clinical features and laboratory investigations of the study subjects. Both erectile function and PE were evaluated using the International Index of Erectile Function (abridged form, IIEF-5) and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) questionnaires, respectively. Results identified 182 (60.7%) men had Met S. Prevalence of PE was significantly higher in the subjects with Met S than the controls (35.2% vs 7.6%, p?< 0.001). Patients with Met S and PE had significantly higher PEDT scores (15.4 vs 6.7), smaller waist circumference (108.3?cm vs 111.5?cm) and higher fasting blood sugar (187?mg% vs 161?mg%) than those with no PE (p?0.001, 0.047 and 0.019, respectively). The other variables including IIEF-5 score, body mass index, serum triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (14.98 vs 16.8, 30.6 vs 31.5, 192.9?mg% vs 178.1?mg% and 37.4?mg% vs 36.2?mg%, respectively) did not reveal significant differences. Both systolic hypertension and erectile dysfunction (ED) had significant associations (p?=?0.047 and <0.001, respectively) with PE in Met S. In conclusion, PE has a high prevalence in Met S. Patients with Met S should be questioned about PE. Both ED and systolic hypertension may be associated with PE. Prevention of Met S should be considered, and this may be of help to decrease the prevalence of PE. 相似文献
29.
Amanda Rao Elizabeth Steels Warrick J. Inder Suzanne Abraham Luis Vitetta 《The aging male》2016,19(2):134-142
This study examined the effect of Testofen, a specialised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract on the symptoms of possible androgen deficiency, sexual function and serum androgen concentrations in healthy aging males. This was a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial involving 120 healthy men aged between 43 and 70 years of age. The active treatment was standardised Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract at a dose of 600?mg/day for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change in the Aging Male Symptom questionnaire (AMS), a measure of possible androgen deficiency symptoms; secondary outcome measures were sexual function and serum testosterone. There was a significant decrease in AMS score over time and between the active and placebo groups. Sexual function improved, including number of morning erections and frequency of sexual activity. Both total serum testosterone and free testosterone increased compared to placebo after 12 weeks of active treatment. Trigonella foenum-graecum seed extract is a safe and effective treatment for reducing symptoms of possible androgen deficiency, improves sexual function and increases serum testosterone in healthy middle-aged and older men. 相似文献
30.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a diagnostic category, based on a cluster of risk factors (hyperglycemia/diabetes, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension), which identifies subjects at high risk for forthcoming type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Recently, a close association between MetS, erectile dysfunction (ED) and male hypogonadism has been reported. In patients with MetS, hypogonadism can exacerbate sexual dysfunction and arteriogenic ED because of its typical symptoms, such as decreased sexual desire and mood disturbances. On the other hand, hypogonadism per se has been associated with an increased risk of CV and overall mortality. Obesity and in particular central obesity is nowadays considered the most important determinant of MetS-induced hypogonadism whereas hypertension and diabetes play a major role in ED associated with MetS. This review analyses the current literature regarding the relationship between ED, MetS and hypogonadism emphasising the epidemiological and psychopathological aspects and stressing the concept that ED subjects are ‘lucky’, because ED offers a unique chance to undergo medical examination and therefore to improve not only their sexual but, most importantly, their overall health. 相似文献