Engagement with Non‐State Service Providers in Fragile States: Reconciling State‐Building and Service Delivery

The OECD questions whether non‐state services in fragile states may delegitimise the state in the eyes of citizens, arguing that ‘state‐building’ depends on governments’ engagement in service management. This article reviews the available evidence to identify what types of engagement are feasible and most likely to contribute to service delivery, or not to damage it. It considers the capacity requirements and the risks associated with state intervention through policy formulation, regulation, contracting and mutual agreements, and concludes by identifying ways of incrementally involving the state, beginning with activities that are least likely to do harm to non‐state provision.     

Theoretical Reflections on the Formation of Early States in China

与古代希腊、罗马及日耳曼不同, 中国古代国家起源走的是一条构建和谐的道 路, 即没有打碎氏族制度, 而是在普遍存在的氏族组织的基础上滥觞国家的萌芽, 国 家与氏族长期并存而使早期国家完善与发展。氏族制度的长期存在和发展, 这一古代 中国独具特色的社会结构是和谐构建之路的深厚社会基础。古代中国早期国家构建过 程中, 十分关注各个氏族、部落的情、义、利、患等问题。这种关注与社会实践成为 构建和谐的基石, 也是那个时代的领导者成功的标识。直到古代中国早期国家成熟 时, 还能够看到构建和谐理念的痕迹。

关键词: 早期国家 氏族制度 礼制 和谐

Unlike the ancient Greek, Roman and German states, ancient Chinese states took a path of harmonious construction which did not involve abolition of the clan system. It was on the basis of the existing clan organization that the first shoots of the state sprouted, and the state and the clans underwent a long coexistence which allowed the early state to develop and be perfected. The unique social structure of ancient China—the long existence and development of the clan system—was the underlying social foundation for harmonious construction. The early Chinese states were much concerned with the feelings, opinions about right and wrong, advantages and calamities of the clans and tribes. This concern and social practice was the foundation stone for harmonious construction, as well as the benchmark for success for the leaders of the time. Traces of the idea of harmonious construction are apparent up to the full development of the early state in ancient China.     

Applied ethics and allocation of foreign aid: disparity in pretensions and practice

We explore the applied ethics of development aid and humanitarian assistance, and juxtapose these with claimed objectives and factors that influence the choice of recipients. Despite some diversity among donors, ethical considerations appear not to be a prominent factor for allocation of aid. Although recipients’ need is not entirely ignored, donors’ self‐interest and herd behaviour, and recipients’ merits and voting in the United Nations, play crucial roles in allocation decisions. Likely to be shunned are complex emergencies and fragile states, the overlapping settings for action of development and humanitarian aid. Donors should take to heart and put into practice that allocation of aid is an ethical endeavour that should rest on proper needs assessment, established objectives and adopted agreements.     

清代县衙吏役的内部管理

清代国家或地方政府除了颁行若干法令律例对吏役进行制度规定之外,州县衙门内部对办公吏役的管理内容更加切实丰富。管理措施包括申饬堂规、颁发告示、设立号簿、严格考勤和定立差捕条约等五个方面,体现了地方衙门办公系统的完善,不仅可以防范吏役作弊,也使得衙门内部运作有章可循。     

《楚辞》与《诗经》承传关系论略

从"文学精神"、"艺术形式"和"表现手法"等三个方面可以发现<楚辞>对<诗经>的承传事实.除受<诗经>的影响外,<楚辞>还受战国诸子散文及楚国土著文化"楚歌"、"巫歌"和"楚声"等文化乳汁的滋养.     

唐朝寿王李瑁与皖西关系考索——兼论唐朝"封建"制度的象征性质

唐玄宗李隆基之子寿王李瑁是贵妃杨玉环的前夫,依据中国古代分封制的原则与规律考证,李瑁爵号中的“寿”字是一个地理概念,指唐朝的淮南道寿州,大约相当今天的皖西地区;并进一步考论,与周朝和汉朝时期不同,唐朝的“封建”制度只具有象征性质;且认为,作为寿王妃,杨玉环与皖西存在过一种独特的关系。     

Leave policy in the Nordic welfare states: a ‘recipe’ for high employment/high fertility?

Predicted population decline and labour shortages in European welfare states are directing attention to policy strategies that might increase women's employment and fertility rates. In this context, the Nordic welfare states’ blend of high female employment rates and relatively high fertility levels stands out from others. These patterns are accompanied by comprehensive work–family policies indicating that policy reform is a main explanation. A core element in Nordic work–family policies is generous leave of absence arrangements for parents. In scrutinising leave policy in a Nordic context, the analysis in this paper emphasises that the current situation is a result of processes that have taken a long time to unfold, and that leave policy reforms interact with labour market developments and cultural institutions of family formation in shaping women's social practices.     

纵横家与三晋风尚

战国时期,纵横家兴起,在历史的舞台上扮演了十分重要的角色。纵横家的产生有其历史根源．也与特定的地理环境与文化底蕴相联系。