马丁·路德与现代德语

1522-1545年,马丁·路德为推动宗教改革,致力于《圣经》的翻译工作。他的《圣经》德译本同时揭开了德语发展史上新的一页,马丁·路德也因此被称为伟大的翻译家。在《圣经》翻译中他汇聚丰富的德语词汇,尽可能排除方言土语的影响,切实可行地树立了一种统一、普遍而稳定的通行全德的民族共同书写语言,为日后现代德语的形成提供了最重要的前提条件。     

试析赫尔德思想对德国浪漫主义的影响

赫尔德思想对之后的德国思想文化产生了重要的影响。本文集中分析了赫尔德对德国浪漫主义的影响。笔者认为,赫尔德关于人是一种有机力量的综合体、人是在历史和语言中展开的场域的观点以及建立在此基础上的关于民族和传统文化的观点,都使他与启蒙运动宣扬的理性主义和世界公民主义相分裂,使他成为德国浪漫主义运动的理论先导。     

惊骇之音——评德国作家克里斯托夫.海因的中篇小说《陌生朋友》

在现代社会中,异化成了一种普遍现象,成了绝大多数人的命运。德国作家克里斯托夫·海因正是以此为题材创作了著名的中篇小说《陌生朋友》。本文在阐述作家独到创作手法的同时,通过对作品中女主人公的一系列思想活动及其摄影爱好的分析,揭示了现代社会对人个性的压抑以及人们在冷漠的世界中对人间温情的渴望。     

贝奥武甫--基督教传统下的古日耳曼英雄

《贝奥武甫》是一部由基督教僧侣在保留原本的古日耳曼英雄事迹的基础上加入宗教因素的史诗,不仅展现了盎格鲁-撒克逊人的神话意识、宗教意识、世界观以及伦理道德,也深刻地表明了贝奥武甫是一名基督教传统下的古日耳曼英雄。     

《德国民法典》的演进及其分析

随着社会政治、经济、文化的发展 ,施行百年的《德国民法典》的内容在很大程度上都有所改动 ,修改最多的主要集中在债权部分和家庭法部分。其发展变化的主要特点是 :国家干预的加强 ,契约自由原则、所有权自由原则受到限制 ,平等的倾向在家庭关系中进一步加强 ,整个法典朝着更有利于市场经济的需要而发展。这种变化规律对我国民法典的制定有重要启示     

Historicizing diaglossia

Auer (2005, 2011) presents a typology of present‐day dialect/standard constellations in Europe, thereby reintroducing the concept of diaglossia, which refers to a situation with intermediate variants between dialect and standard. Characterizing the sociolinguistic landscape in many languages in Europe today, diaglossia is assumed to be a relatively recent phenomenon dating back to the late nineteenth or early twentieth century, following a previous stage of diglossia. Drawing on a range of case studies of post‐Medieval English, German and Dutch, this article argues that the sociolinguistic situation in the Early and Late Modern period cannot be described in terms of diglossia, and is characterized by a ubiquity of intermediate variants instead, that is, by diaglossia. This means that diaglossia should be extended much farther back in time and is not a recent development following a state of diglossia.     

‘We Don’t Need Another Hero’

The collapse of the Berlin Wall is usually associated with images of progress, with falling autocrats and rising liberties. But things are not quite as straightforward if scrutinized from the vantage-point of women. Despite their unusually active participation in the mass protests of 1989, women in the eastern part of Germany suffered a series of setbacks in the subsequent unification process, most notably in the realms of reproductive rights, employment opportunities and access to affordable day-care. This article engages contending feminist approaches in East and West Germany in an attempt to highlight the controversial but central role the concept of patriarchy occupies in understanding the gendered effects of unification. To recognize the significance of patriarchal domination is not to deny that some forms of dissent - and even emancipatory transformation - have taken place. It does, however, necessitate an understanding of gender-related domination and resistance that focuses not only on heroic revolutionary events and on political, legal and institutional features, but also, and perhaps even primarily, on relatively mundane daily struggles that take place over values and societal expectations.     

讨价还价实力:中德之间的实验研究

本文是针对以外部选择权所定义的讨价还价实力对谈判结果的影响所进行的实验研究。有关讨价还价实验的文献主要关注谈判实力对等的情况,而实力不对称的情况显然未被重视,尽管在现实世界的讨价还价情形中此类谈判实力不对称的情况比比皆是。仅有少数研究在其模型中考虑了这种实力上的差异。针对讨价还价实力对谈判结果影响的预测尚不明晰。按照Nash的讨价还价解,议价者的最终收益应该可以反映其实力差异。然而,Binmore等认为,只有当出价人的出价低于其保障收益时,外部选择权才会起作用。为了研究实力差别对讨价还价结果的影响,我们基于Selten的模型进行了双边讨价还价实验,实验的双方分别由若干参与人组成。我们的分析主要依据以下两组信息来源:1.讨价还价时所做的选择;2.各组内部讨论时的视频录像。我们比较了在德国波恩大学所做的较高程度的实力差异和较低程度的实力差异情况下的两组交易,未发现实力差异会在讨价还价结果中有所体现的迹象。然而,与德国相比,在中华人民共和国所进行的较高程度的实力差异情况下的交易,具有较高实力的参与人可以明显提高其收益水平。视频录像显示,两组议价者行为上的差异可归因于其不同的价值判断标准。德国的参与人不接受实验起初给定的既成实力差异而将平等分配作为其参考标准。而中国的参与人接受既成的实力差异进而在不平等分配的框架下进行其讨价还价行为。     

马克思《德意志意识形态》中对共产主义思想和理论的历史审视

随着马克思钻研自己的见解与德国哲学思想体系的见解之间的对立的不断深入 ,马克思为自己的思想和理论也日益完备地铺垫着“世俗”而坚实的基石 ,从而解构了整个德意志意识形态 ,达到了“生存实践”阶段 ,即把生产劳动看作理解并解释一切社会现象的出发点和参照系。马克思的共产主义学说正是通过这一历史维度的深入 ,最终决定性地与空想主义学说相分离。这一科学的理论为现代无产阶级谋求人类的解放提供了强大思想武器     

Taking social policy personally: How does neuroticism affect welfare state attitudes?

The role of the “Big Five” personality traits in driving welfare state attitudes has received scant attention in social policy research. Yet neuroticism in particular—a disposition to stress, worry, and get nervous easily—is theoretically likely to be an important driver of welfare attitudes precisely because welfare states deliver social “security” and “safety” nets. Using cross-sectional data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we study three distinct attitude types (dissatisfaction with the social security system, feelings of personal financial insecurity, and preferences for state provision) and multiple social need contexts (including unemployment, ill health, old age, and nursing care). Controlling for established explanations such as self-interest, partisanship, and socialization, neuroticism does not systematically affect support for state provision. But it robustly increases general dissatisfaction with social security, as well as financial insecurity across various need contexts. Neurotic people are thus less happy with welfare state programmes across the board, yet they also appear to need these programmes more. This trait may be an important deeper layer driving other social attitudes.