Constructing ‘disability’ in Myanmar: teachers,community stakeholders,and the complexity of disability models

This article explores Myanmar teachers’ and community stakeholders’ constructions of disability. We examine how various religious perspectives – particularly Buddhism – inform and shape understandings of impairment and how these beliefs intersect with a strongly medicalised construction of disability. However, in our discussion and exploration of the responses, we also found that the notion of two primary disability ‘models’ – namely the medical model and the social model – lack nuance, complexity, and socio-cultural consideration. Through examining teachers’ and community members’ perspectives of disability in Myanmar, we highlight the importance of socio-cultural variance in understanding local constructions of disability.     

民国时期杭州拱宸桥娼妓业的治理(1912-1936)

民国以来,随着近代文明的发展、妇女解放思潮的渐次兴起,娼妓的悲惨境遇备受关注。在此背景下,杭州市政府于20世纪30年代发起了一场废娼运动,虽然成果与预期相差甚远,最后重新回到对公娼核发执照、征收妓捐的治娼模式,但是政府的废娼行动与济娼措施,表达了现代化政府的执政理念,是政治文明进步的重要体现。     

Countering Overseas Power in Global Value Chains: Information Asymmetries and Subcontracting in the Plastics Industry

Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) and Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis have been deployed in the strategic and international management literatures to address questions of power in dyadic relationships and global production networks, respectively. This paper integrates the two theoretical approaches in order to expand RDT, using insights from Hirschman's exit/voice model to show the options available to some firms but not others. Using the relationship between buyers and contract manufacturers from GVC analysis, we find a correlation between firm size and choice of strategic action in response to contract manufacturers' dependence on buyers. Large firms follow an acquiescence strategy while small manufacturers follow an avoidance strategy, able to use both exit and voice strategies. Enabled by scale or control over information, both of these approaches successfully reduce uncertainty and provide a source of sustained competitive advantage. Using a study of the production chain in consumer plastics manufacturing in China, we show how dependent firms respond to GVC induced pressure. We find that based on the size of the contract manufacturer, the range of strategic responses to power is constrained by the nature of the dependency in global value chains. This opens important insights into the role that structural characteristics of organizations (like size) play in determining strategic freedom.     

流水不腐,户枢不蠹:创新型地方政府与经济高质量发展——基于僵尸企业的研究视角

本文采用文本分析法从政府工作报告中提炼出创新型地方政府的风格特征,在验证该量化方法合理性的基础上,以僵尸企业为研究切入点,以我国工业企业为研究样本,实证检验政府施政风格所扮演的角色。研究发现:当地方政府施政风格创新程度越高时,当地企业僵尸化程度越低。异质性检验还发现:创新型地方政府会更多地促进社会重要性相对较低的僵尸企业“脱僵”,减少这部分企业的僵尸化现象。本文研究对于探索新发展格局下如何转化政府职能、寻求经济增长新动力、实现经济高质量发展具有积极的实践意义。     

道德治理的三重向度——斯密视角及其当下启示

道德治理概念的提出,既是直面当前道德问题的一种理论自觉,也成为改善当下社会道德状况、提升道德水平的现实课题。而亚当·斯密对导致道德情操败坏的原因的分析,以及对惩罚与正义、欲望与良知、报偿与信仰的理论叙述,对当下社会认识各种败德现象的成因以及就解决各种道德问题所能谋求的治理之道,提供了可资借鉴的理论资源和实践参照。     

全球价值链嵌入与技术创新——基于生产分解模型的分析

基于增加值和最终产品的生产分解模型,本文对我国制造业前向与后向产业关联下的全球价值链嵌入进行测度,实证分析全球价值链嵌入对技术创新的作用机理,并在此基础上重点探讨了吸收能力与技术差距两个重要情境因素的调节作用,同时,运用双重差分、工具变量法以及GMM动态面板模型进行稳健性检验,以控制潜在的内生性问题。研究发现:①我国制造业通过嵌入全球价值链的国际间知识溢出效应促进技术创新能力的提升;②吸收能力能够强化这一正向影响关系;③技术差距在后向全球价值链嵌入对技术创新的影响关系中呈倒U 型调节作用,而在前向全球价值链嵌入对技术创新的影响关系中呈正向调节作用。本文推动了网络嵌入理论和知识溢出理论从组织网络向全球价值链领域的繁衍,丰富了全球价值链嵌入领域的研究成果,同时为我国制造业企业在参与国际分工过程中利用全球价值链嵌入实现技术创新能力提升提供重要的理论参考。     

乡村治理与发展的协调路径

在乡村地区治理导向不断强化和发展自主权相对弱化的普遍趋势下,乡村振兴战略的提出凸显了治理和发展之间关系的不协调性。事实上,治理与发展关系的不协调并非现阶段独有的特征,而是具有理论意义和实践意义上的普遍性。另外,治理与发展关系的不协调程度不仅与基层组织体制的变动息息相关,从而呈现出不协调程度演变的阶段性;还与区域差异、地方差异以及村庄的类型有关,从而呈现出不协调程度的地方性。因此,要协调好乡村振兴过程中治理与发展的关系,就需要在认识到治理与发展不协调关系的普遍性、阶段性和地方性的基础上,按照权责利一致的原则理清乡村振兴中治理和发展关系再协调的基本思路。     

Crafting social change: former global factory workers negotiating new identities in Sri Lanka’s villages

This article explores how former factory workers negotiate new identities in villages, as new brides, mothers and daughters-in-law, after 5–6 years of employment in an urban Free Trade Zone. I argue that their performances of self-discipline and disavowal of transgressive knowledges allow them to make use of the limited social, economic and political spaces available while gradually reshaping local understandings about the good daughter-in-law. Former workers’ strategic deployment of social conformity represents the foundation on which their entry into village social, economic, political spaces is based on. Although individual social conformity would conventionally be identified as everyday politics, I argue that former workers’ performance of self-discipline and social conformity is strategic and leads to changes in gender norms and village social hierarchies and thus represents a form of politics that is in between everyday and transformative politics – politics that creates conditions of possibility for social transformations.     

环境信息不对称、机构投资者实地调研与企业环境治理

基于信息不对称理论,本文以2013-2016年深交所重污染行业上市公司为研究样本,分析了机构投资者实地调研对企业环境治理的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,机构投资者实地调研对企业环境治理具有积极的推动作用;在环境信息披露较差以及本地子公司较多的企业中,机构投资者实地调研的环境治理作用更为明显。进一步考察实地调研对企业环境治理的影响路径发现,机构投资者实地调研推动了企业环境治理的资本市场监督和媒体监督。本文的研究验证了信息不对称理论在环境治理中的作用,拓宽了实地调研经济后果的研究领域,对于深入理解并推动我国企业环境治理具有重要的现实意义。     

Global product development projects: measuring performance and monitoring the risks

Abstract

This article investigates the development and application of key performance indicators for global product development. Two in-depth, longitudinal case studies with multinational Danish manufacturing companies were conducted, and highlight how key performance indicators, typically used for collocated, cross-functional product development, do not provide the predictive insight required to avoid the additional risks encountered in the global product development environment. Grounded in the case study results and building on established methodologies in performance measurement literature, a framework was developed and validated in two additional Danish companies to support project managers to develop: preventive indicators, which support the avoidance of identified risks, and outcome indicators, which support the measurement towards the attainment of project objectives. The study is unique as it is one of the very few longitudinal studies of engineering design activities in a global context, providing the in-depth contextual understanding towards key risks and their influence on performance; an important step to support researchers and practitioners with the development of preventive measures.