Global adjustment to US disengagement from the world trading system

US trade policy in the Trump administration is protectionist, raising tariffs outside of WTO rules, threatening trade wars, withdrawing from existing trade agreements, and negotiating new bilateral trade deals rather than free trade agreements. The reaction of the rest of the world has been to support the WTO rules-based trading system and to pursue new and expanded regional trade agreements that do not include the US. The result may be US disengagement from the world trading system, with countries diverting trade around the US. We use a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze changes in trade and production patterns for a variety of scenarios, including US trade wars. We find that adjustment to US disengagement is feasible—the changes in trade shares as countries divert trade are modest and achievable, with very little impact on the volume of global trade. If the US engages in trade wars with major partners, the best response for other trade partners is to sit out the trade war, accept higher US tariffs, and gain markets from global trade diversion around the US. Finally, because of indirect effects, widespread tariffs fail to benefit the protected sectors—a fallacy of composition in a protectionist trade policy.     

Constructing ‘disability’ in Myanmar: teachers,community stakeholders,and the complexity of disability models

This article explores Myanmar teachers’ and community stakeholders’ constructions of disability. We examine how various religious perspectives – particularly Buddhism – inform and shape understandings of impairment and how these beliefs intersect with a strongly medicalised construction of disability. However, in our discussion and exploration of the responses, we also found that the notion of two primary disability ‘models’ – namely the medical model and the social model – lack nuance, complexity, and socio-cultural consideration. Through examining teachers’ and community members’ perspectives of disability in Myanmar, we highlight the importance of socio-cultural variance in understanding local constructions of disability.     

Countering Overseas Power in Global Value Chains: Information Asymmetries and Subcontracting in the Plastics Industry

Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) and Global Value Chain (GVC) analysis have been deployed in the strategic and international management literatures to address questions of power in dyadic relationships and global production networks, respectively. This paper integrates the two theoretical approaches in order to expand RDT, using insights from Hirschman's exit/voice model to show the options available to some firms but not others. Using the relationship between buyers and contract manufacturers from GVC analysis, we find a correlation between firm size and choice of strategic action in response to contract manufacturers' dependence on buyers. Large firms follow an acquiescence strategy while small manufacturers follow an avoidance strategy, able to use both exit and voice strategies. Enabled by scale or control over information, both of these approaches successfully reduce uncertainty and provide a source of sustained competitive advantage. Using a study of the production chain in consumer plastics manufacturing in China, we show how dependent firms respond to GVC induced pressure. We find that based on the size of the contract manufacturer, the range of strategic responses to power is constrained by the nature of the dependency in global value chains. This opens important insights into the role that structural characteristics of organizations (like size) play in determining strategic freedom.     

全球价值链嵌入与技术创新——基于生产分解模型的分析

基于增加值和最终产品的生产分解模型,本文对我国制造业前向与后向产业关联下的全球价值链嵌入进行测度,实证分析全球价值链嵌入对技术创新的作用机理,并在此基础上重点探讨了吸收能力与技术差距两个重要情境因素的调节作用,同时,运用双重差分、工具变量法以及GMM动态面板模型进行稳健性检验,以控制潜在的内生性问题。研究发现:①我国制造业通过嵌入全球价值链的国际间知识溢出效应促进技术创新能力的提升;②吸收能力能够强化这一正向影响关系;③技术差距在后向全球价值链嵌入对技术创新的影响关系中呈倒U 型调节作用,而在前向全球价值链嵌入对技术创新的影响关系中呈正向调节作用。本文推动了网络嵌入理论和知识溢出理论从组织网络向全球价值链领域的繁衍,丰富了全球价值链嵌入领域的研究成果,同时为我国制造业企业在参与国际分工过程中利用全球价值链嵌入实现技术创新能力提升提供重要的理论参考。     

电信设备制造商全球价值链升级路径分析——以华为技术有限公司为例

随着经济全球化进程加速,我国电信设备制造商开始国际化进程,嵌入全球价值链及全球价值链下企业升级问题显得尤为重要.华为公司是我国通信制造业国际化的先锋企业,其通过技术创新与研发,向全球电信价值链高端不断攀升,通过向终端转型带动整体价值链链条升级,这使华为公司逐渐成为全球第二大电信设备制造商.对于我国其他设备商来说,华为的成功具有重要借鉴意义.     

Crafting social change: former global factory workers negotiating new identities in Sri Lanka’s villages

This article explores how former factory workers negotiate new identities in villages, as new brides, mothers and daughters-in-law, after 5–6 years of employment in an urban Free Trade Zone. I argue that their performances of self-discipline and disavowal of transgressive knowledges allow them to make use of the limited social, economic and political spaces available while gradually reshaping local understandings about the good daughter-in-law. Former workers’ strategic deployment of social conformity represents the foundation on which their entry into village social, economic, political spaces is based on. Although individual social conformity would conventionally be identified as everyday politics, I argue that former workers’ performance of self-discipline and social conformity is strategic and leads to changes in gender norms and village social hierarchies and thus represents a form of politics that is in between everyday and transformative politics – politics that creates conditions of possibility for social transformations.     

全球公民社会的作用及其变革

全球化引发的全球治理真空,需要全球公民社会发挥作用。而全球化密切交往中全球意识的扩展和社会资本的兴起,也为全球公民社会的产生提供了条件。全球公民社会在参与全球治理、扶持弱势群体、抑制全球强权、弥补“民主赤字”等方面扮演着积极的角色。由于力量的相对弱小和参与机制的不健全,全球公民社会的作用还受到局限。全球公民社会需要解决好自身的独立性、合法性、平衡性等一些重大问题,以谋求更大的发展。     

跨国公司政治行为的经济学分析

跨国公司是经济行为与政治行为相互交融的经济组织,是一个具有多维行为的主体,它与国内企业的根本区别在于,它不仅要内部化经济市场和政治市场的不完全,而且这种市场的不完全是跨国界的。在国际经济关系中,跨国公司行为的政治因素强烈地影响着跨国公司和政府之间的关系以及它们各自的行为方式。     

论近现代转型时期的寰球中国学生会

寰球中国学生会是我国最早的留学生中介机构之一 ,它在 1 91 9- 1 92 0年间为赴法勤工俭学的各批留学生提供服务 ,并且成为“五四运动”期间上海学生运动的活动中心。它在与学校、社团、报纸等一些公共领域的基本元素的紧密结合中建构起一种对社会发展产生影响的推动力。     

论全球生产的网络化及其推动力量

在产业转移的浪潮中,世界经济局势发生了很大的变化。在经济全球化的过程中,市场经济规则在世界范围内被广泛接受。受惠于科技革命特别交通和信息技术的巨大进步,跨国公司得以在世界范围内寻找战略资源满足其趋利性动机,形成了全球生产网络。