全球公民社会:一个概念性考察

全球公民社会是新形势下“全球化”与“公民社会”的结合,是区别于公民社会的全新概念,同时又与公民社会有着密切的关联性,它并不必然为特定、单一的政治理想服务,更多的是一种影响价值分配、争取权利和利益的手段;它既可以为西方利用,也能够成为非西方社会的斗争工具。全球公民社会在某种程度上依存于主权国家,另一方面它又不断地挑战着主权国家的概念;它既是全球治理的重要推动力,也是全球治理的重要主体之一;它蕴含着建立超越主权国家的全球民主秩序的希望,也存在着强化全球不平等的可能性。     

Sensitivity analysis of reliability functions of the exponential power series lifetime distribution

ABSTRACT

Hazard rate functions are often used in modeling of lifetime data. The Exponential Power Series (EPS) family has a monotone hazard rate function. In this article, the influence of input factors such as time and parameters on the variability of hazard rate function is assessed by local and global sensitivity analysis. Two different indices based on local and global sensitivity indices are presented. The simulation results for two datasets show that the hazard rate functions of the EPS family are sensitive to input parameters. The results also show that the hazard rate function of the EPS family is more sensitive to the exponential distribution than power series distributions.     

权变因素影响下的中国企业质量管理实践研究

通过对中国企业的调查,分析了中国企业质量管理的现状,明确了中国企业质量管理实践与国外的异同,特别是发现中国企业虽然具有一定的质量管理基础,但与过程管理、人力资源管理有关的实践明显不足。结合权变理论确定了4个权变因素,分析了权变因素对中国企业质量管理实践的影响,并从民族文化角度探讨了中国企业实施质量管理实践中存在的优势和劣势。     

Commodities and monetary policy: Implications for inflation and price level targeting

We examine the relative ability of inflation targeting and price level targeting monetary policy rules to minimize inflation variability and business cycle fluctuations in a commodity-exporting country for supply and demand shocks to global commodity markets. The macroeconomic consequences of oil and non-oil primary commodities differ and affect the relative merits of the alternative monetary policy frameworks. Particularly, the consumption of refined oil products and demand-driven commodity price movements induce highly persistent inflation pressures resulting in a significant deterioration of the inflation-output gap trade-off available to central banks. When such terms-of-trade shocks are prevalent, price level targeting is inferior to inflation targeting.     

金融错配对企业创新投资的影响——来自中国数字创意上市公司的经验证据

基于投资-现金流敏感模型,利用2012-2018年数字创意上市公司相关数据,使用GMM动态面板方法,从融资约束视角实证检验了金融错配对企业创新投资的影响。研究发现：金融错配显著抑制了企业创新投资增长;企业创新投资活动普遍存在外部融资约束,金融错配的提高会加剧企业创新投资面临的融资约束程度。进一步区分企业产权性质和地区市场化程度分析可知,金融错配对创新投资面临的融资约束加剧作用对于非国有和市场化程度较低地区的数字创意企业更为显著。     

集群企业外迁及其效应研究

集群中的企业外迁是与企业向某一区域聚集相逆的企业区位选择现象.相对于非集群企业,集群企业可以享受到集群共享性资源提供的非对称竞争优势.但是,企业集群在其自身演化过程中产生的集群网络失灵、聚集不经济,以及集群企业的战略重定位可能导致集群共享性资源相对吸引力下降.而集群企业外迁则正是基于与此环境基础变迁相匹配的企业战略选择.集群企业外迁可能有利于集群网络的成长,也可能导致集群网络的裂断,引发一定的企业集群风险,关键在于集群内部是否形成了梯队式的企业成长机制.     

Offshore Remanufacturing with Variable Used Product Condition

We consider the acquisition and production decisions of a remanufacturer who acquires used products of variable condition and allocates remanufacturing activity to domestic and offshore facilities. The problem is formulated as a multicommodity network flow model with economies of scale and product obsolescence. We show that the remanufacturer's optimal strategy can be chosen from a finite set of simple policies in which each product is routed to a facility based on its condition. We then numerically investigate the impact of key parameters on optimal decisions regarding offshore remanufacturing.     

A Comparative Analysis of Quality Practice in Manufacturing Firms in the U.S. and Taiwan*

The aim of this paper is to determine if there is a causal relationship between multivariate constructs for quality (i.e., customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, and employee service quality) and organizational performance. The presence of such relationships, as well as the identification of key indicators within each quality construct for different types of firms, are explored in this empirical study on the perceptions of middle managers in Taiwan and the United States. The study found a significant causal relationship between the quality constructs and organizational performance. These relationships are different, however, for the four types of firms based on age and size. Also, within the same firm types, there are differences among countries. For example, for older firms, Taiwanese managers tend to perceive customer satisfaction as the most important quality construct in improving organizational performance, while U.S. managers tend to perceive employee satisfaction as the most important. For younger firms, U.S. managers perceive customer satisfaction as influencing organizational performance, while Taiwanese managers perceive both customer satisfaction and employee satisfaction as doing so. A further breakdown of the quality constructs identified the key indicators within each construct that separates “better performers'’from “lesser performers'’in both countries for the four types of firms. These indicators are dissimilar, thus suggesting that focus on quality constructs may lead to improvements in organizational performance by focusing on different indicators in different environments. These results have implications for the adoption and implementation of quality practices in different countries.     

A Purchasing Framework for B2B Pricing Decisions and Risk‐sharing in Supply Chains*

This paper presents a common modelling structure for (i) the implementation of operational policies by individual purchasing managers of risk‐sharing agreements among supply‐chain partners, and (ii) the integration of brick and click purchasing policies in a B2B. The problem of price uncertainty created within these two environments is modelled as a stochastic repetitive‐sales problem, applicable to any probability distribution. The model identifies sufficient conditions for regenerative ordering cycles, which allows for the use of the renewal reward theorem. The end result is a two‐price purchasing policy, which may substantially ease implementation problems across a global corporation's purchasing managers world‐wide and across B2B markets.