互联网之火：网络舆情和时代焦虑 ——从南京的突发事件谈起

社会转型时期各种矛盾凸显激化,以门为表征的突发事件集中爆发。这其中,互联网既是真相披露者,也是情绪煽动者;既有为建构所必须的解构,也有勇猛不能掩饰的粗暴。十几年来,互联网不断颁布新的尺度,强迫传统媒体调整竞合,从而逐渐形成新的传播语境,宣告新的价值体系。在新语境下,精英与草根的位格关系和互动结构,都发生了颠覆式的变化。他们之间的话语冲突源自于精英对网络的隔膜和草根的群体盲目,这种双重误区,使得社会焦虑指数交替升级,政府与群众、草根与精英、中心与边缘之间不断发生进退博弈,比照自适。网络话语的冲突也正是时代焦虑的媒体映像,网络舆情既是民意的自然体现,也可为官方决策提供参考。     

H-Day 1967 – An alternative perspective on “propaganda” in the historiography of public relation

This article presents an alternative perspective regarding the concept of “propaganda” in the historiography of public relations. Recent scholars of public relations have rightly criticized early attempts to write the field’s history as a linear progression, from propaganda to excellence. At the same time, however, the same recent scholars have come to accept a linear conceptual change, and that “propaganda” became an impossible term in liberal democratic countries in the 1960s. By using the empirical case of the massive communication efforts initiated by the Swedish Commission on Right-Hand Traffic, which was assigned to implement right-hand traffic in 1967, this article shows that the concept of “propaganda” both occurred frequently and was used in a neutral sense. To deepen the understanding of this alternative perspective, the article both presents how the historical actors conceptualized their work, and describes how the communication work of the Commission was performed.     

Revisiting the relationship between public relations and marketing: Encroachment and social media

Although public relations and marketing trade presses regularly discuss the conflict between the functions (e.g., Ecker, 2013; Havartin, 2013), academic researchers focused on the issue primarily in the 1980s and 1990s. The drop in public relations and marketing encroachment research does not parallel a drop in encroachment in practice, especially in light of today’s social media environment. In fact, historic tension between public relations and marketing intensified with the incorporation of social media into communication efforts. This paper updates the study of encroachment by reviewing the historical views of the topic, proposes ways that social media use has intensified issues related to role encroachment between public relations and marketing professionals, and outlines questions to guide future study of these topics.     

Crisis perceptions,relationship, and communicative behaviors of employees: Internal public segmentation approach

This study examines when and why employees engage in external communicative behaviors during the periods of a corporate crisis. Combining a cross-situational factor (i.e., pre-crisis relationship quality) and a situational factor (i.e., crisis-specific perceptions), this study segments internal publics to understand employees’ motivations of becoming advocates for or adversaries of their organization. The results of an online survey demonstrated that employees’ pre-crisis relationship to their organization plays a critical role in encouraging them to advocate for their company; meanwhile, their crisis-perception—whether they feel fewer constraints in solving a crisis—is more likely to make them share negative information externally. Segmented groups of employees with high levels of both relationship and activeness are most likely to engage in both positive and negative external communication behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications for public relations and internal crisis communication are suggested.     

Developing critical and empathic capabilities in intercultural education through the VaKE approach

One of the core goals of intercultural education is to develop critical and empathic reflection on social justice, particularly as related to humanistic choices and how individuals can counteract exclusion. The present article analyses the Values and Knowledge Education (VaKE) approach, which is aimed at raising awareness about implicit value-oriented priorities in decision-making. Through the Human Development and Capability Approach, the applicability of VaKE’s didactic principles is analysed in relation to young people’s perspectives on resettlement in Europe. The VaKE method was used at a 2013 summer camp in Austria with a culturally diverse group of young Europeans who were presented with a dilemma story that highlighted the complex issue of providing assistance to asylum seekers. The participants engaged in various knowledge and moral viability checks that enabled them to engage with opposing arguments. The participants evidenced critical reflection and self-scrutiny, as well as affiliation and empathic imagination, regarding problems that are encountered by asylum seekers.     

基层维稳的“人墙”模式及其反思——基于小镇在某祭祀活动中的维稳实录

维护社会稳定是基层治理中的重要工作。在节日及重大活动中保持社会秩序稳定,防止诉求者在政府认为不适当的时候,以不适当的方式对外宣泄诉求是基层治理中常规的维稳内容。文章通过描述鄂北一个小镇在某次祭祀活动中的维稳过程,试图说明,目前小镇乃至于全国多数乡镇在维持社会稳定中,惯用一种以人盯人为手段,利用很多人员构筑出多层次的"人墙",将可疑对象控制在"墙"内,最大程度限制其向外界宣泄诉求的"人墙"模式。尽管,在多道"人墙"的阻隔下,维稳效果能达到治理者的预期目的,但这种维稳模式成本过大,而且只是暂时隐藏矛盾而不能真正解决问题,从长远看,不具有可持续性。同时,采取这种方式维稳可能激发诉求者对政府的不满,暴露政府维稳工作的"软肋",甚至可能导致政府和诉求者的关系陷入恶性循环,其最终后果可能是大幅度提高政府维稳的成本和代价。     

试论农村环境保护中公众参与现状与提升策略

农民在农村环境保护中公众参与不足,总体体现为被动参与状态。这归因于农民在观念上欠缺整体性的认识,环境权利意识薄弱,农村环保公众参与的法律规定不明晰等。将农民的公众参与由被动化为主动有三大策略,包括健全农村公众参与环境保护的法律法规,提高农民的环境权利意识;加强环境信息公开,激发农民参与环境保护的主观能动性;发展农村环境保护的社会组织,丰富公众参与渠道等。     

和平对我们意味着什么？

从普世的层面来说,和平指的是人类作为一个共同体之内部的和谐相处关系状态。在比较具体的层面,可以将和平放置在中国历史、传统、文化,以及现实处境的场域中来做充分注意文化差异性的思考。和平是一种宁静的状态,是一切公共关系、秩序的最高原则。真正、持久的和平必须建立在一种珍视和平价值的文化基础上。人类必须建设一种浓郁的和平文化,使之成为比竞争文化更为基础性的自觉。世界和平是世界人民的诉求,必须由世界人民通过对话、交流、融合建设起来。和平是所有人类的根本需求,是最值得珍视的人类社会状态,保持和平,需要建设和平的文化,也需要国际秩序保障机制的改革建设。     

英国地方政府绩效管理制度运作的经验与启示

基于公共资源的有限性、政府支出与有效率公共政策间的低相关性及民主赤字的风险性三大前提,要求地方政府必须按照绩效标准或结果导向标准进行政府治理已成为人们的共识,而为了实现这种有效的政府运营机制,则还需依赖建立并推行一套行之有效的地方政府绩效评估制度。为此,首先探讨当前各国地方政府治理活动中出现的问题,了解问题产生的原因,阐释对地方政府建构绩效评价制度的必要性。然后,分析英国政府绩效管理制度中最佳价值体制的内涵及运作方式,总结其有益的经验。在此基础上,针对我国在进行地方政府绩效评价时应注意的问题提出相关的对策建议。     

我国古镇旅游业的政府治理绩效评价研究——以湘西凤凰古镇为例

随着社会经济的不断发展,人们生活质量不断提升,对旅游业的需求也不断提高。古镇旅游作为旅游业的一个重要领域,在旅游行业中起着至关重要的作用。通过经济、社会、环境三方面对湘西凤凰古镇景区政府治理绩效进行评价,研究结果认为凤凰古镇的政府治理绩效不太理想,旅游主体部门职权界定不清晰,旅游政策执行效率不高,经济绩效与社会、文化、环境绩效协调性有待提高。最后,对古镇旅游业的健康与长期发展进行思考与展望。