关于开展大学生科研训练工作的经验探讨

大学生科研训练计划是我国教育改革的一项重要内容,对提高大学生的科研素养,培养大学生的创新能力起到了积极作用。本文就如何提高大学生参与科研训练效果进行了积极探索,提出了一些指导经验和建议,为今后指导大学生进行科研训练提供了一些借鉴。     

海岱地区史前考古的新进展

进入新世纪以来的短短几年,海岱地区上起旧石器时代晚期,下至铜石并用时期的龙山文化,考古新发现层出不穷,其中最引人注目的是发现了多处对研究中国文明起源具有重要意义的龙山文化城址和环壕聚落。同时,在考古研究方法上也有重要进展,聚落考古和区域系统调查方法的成功实施,引入各种自然科学技术开展考古学的多学科综合研究等,有力地推动了海岱地区史前考古研究的快速发展。     

二元经济结构、二元工业化与西部地区的新型工业化

由于西部地区存在着严重的“二元经济结构”,形成了以乡镇企业为核心的农村工业和城市现代工业同时 并存的二元工业化格局。在西部地区新型工业化的实现中,为了消除西部二元工业化引起的一系列负效应,必须要 加强基础设施建设,促进生产要素的流动;制定合理的产业政策,推动城乡工业结构调整。建设小城镇,推动西部城 镇化与城市化的协调发展;进行制度创新,最终实现城乡工业的协调发展。     

西部少数民族地区经济发展的资金瓶颈及资本形成的途径

西部少数民族地区的经济发展是中国经济发展战略的重要组成部分,西部大开发为少数民族地区经济发展提供了契机。发展经济学的资本形成理论认为,资金是欠发达地区经济发展的瓶颈。西部少数民族地区经济发展正面临着这个难题,因此,制定出行之有效的资本形成对策是发展少数民族地区经济的途径。     

四夷馆与同文馆名称考

中国官方的翻译培训机构开始于明朝的四夷馆。本为东夷的满族入主中原,建立清朝之后,四夷馆被清朝接收,但是,“夷”字被拿掉,又以鸦片战争为分野,先后改名为四译馆和同文馆。改名的背后或者有来自外族的推力,或者有来自外国的推力。然而,持久的推力是国内社会发展中的矛盾运动。因为人民利益才是变革的永恒动力,才是制度文明的落点。     

《跻春台》中的婚丧民俗礼仪述论

《跻春台》是清末四川地区刊刻出版的白话小说集,共四十个故事。作者为四川中江人,全书用四川方言俗语写成。其描写对象多为中下层市民或农民,实录的写作手法使小说中出现较多关于蜀地礼仪民俗的描写,其中涉及最多的当属婚礼与丧礼。清末蜀地婚礼与传统士昏礼中的“六礼”既有一脉相承的一面,又有自己独有的特点,如礼节简略、不亲迎、无聘金等。而丧礼除遵循《仪礼.士丧礼》的部分礼仪外,又有着蜀地丧礼独特的习俗,如普遍作道场、富户散普孝及奢靡风气、帮助穷户殡葬的“孝义会”等。作为中华优秀传统文化的有机组成部分,蜀地民俗礼仪有着与中华传统民俗文化一脉相承的一面。另一 方面,受地域、经济、气候、风俗等影响, 清末蜀地民俗礼仪又呈现出独有的特点,使蜀地民俗礼仪文化呈现出传统与保守、多元统一、内涵丰富且富有个性的特征。     

Professional Relationship Boundaries: A Social Work Teaching Module

Social workers are often challenged by the complex and ever‐changing dynamics within their relationships with clients, and struggle to find ethical responses within professional boundary grey zones where boundaries with clients can be difficult to identify, yet easy to cross. Social work educators attempt to prepare students for these complex situations, yet in the United States research reveals rates of social work boundary violations that lead one to question the efficacy of social work ethics education. This article describes the educational competencies and instructional strategies that comprise an adaptable course module which was developed in response to this challenge, and intended to increase students' self‐awareness, motivation and professional judgment‐making abilities related to their professional boundaries. The educational competencies for this course include the abilities to: identify boundary violations, apply critical thinking skills to complex professional relationship contexts, increase awareness of self and other, and initiate prevention strategies. In contrast to traditional approaches to education, this article describes instructional strategies that are based on adult‐learning principles, which have the purpose of effectively and creatively teaching topic areas in such a way as to produce behavioural change. These course topic areas include a ‘Professional Relationship Boundaries Continuum’ conceptual framework, boundary violation impacts, personal boundary vulnerabilities, blurring boundary indicators, and risk‐minimizing strategies.     

Training needs of extension agents’ regarding organic agriculture in Saudi Arabia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of extension agents for training on organic agriculture (OA) in the Riyadh Region. Fifty-five percent (n = 69) of extension agents were selected to collect data through an electronic survey. Results indicated that extension agents in the Riyadh Region cited on job training as a main source for acquiring knowledge in OA. Agents expressed interest in receiving training in OA in general, OA marketing, and transitioning to OA. The most useful resources were field days at organic farms, OA training sessions at colleges, and attending OA trial plots. There were no differences in the level of interest in training; however, there were significant differences between individuals in terms of their experience in OA, job responsibility for providing information related to OA, and area of specialization in their job. This study recommends developing professional training programs based on the current knowledge of extension agents.     

Dimensions and design criteria for developing training reaction evaluations

Although there is research on training program evaluation, there is little systematic research on the design, development and use of training reaction evaluations. In order to obtain meaningful information from a program evaluation, evaluation professionals must be rigorous in the design and development of all aspects of an evaluation study, including instrumentation. The purposes of the study were to classify the dimensions of information sought using reaction evaluations and to establish design criteria for developing training reaction instruments. There were three major phases of the study: (1) classification of the dimensions and questionnaire design criteria used in reaction evaluations; (2) validation of the classified dimensions and the questionnaire design criteria by subject matter experts; and (3) assessment of a sample of training reaction instruments currently used in training programs in US corporations. The research findings were: eleven dimensions for reaction evaluation were identified and classified by purpose. Five overall design criteria, each consisting of several sub-criteria, were judged important in the design of reactionnaires. These include: introduction and directions; question format; question construction; questionnaire layout; and data analysis. It was concluded that a well-designed training reaction instrument integrates the proper application of design criteria with appropriate reaction dimensions. Most training reaction instruments used by US corporations consisted of questions representing only a few dimensions. The instruments varied in form and length. Few of them properly utilized the established questionnaire design criteria.     

我国区际劳动力流动对经济增长的影响—就业结构变动效应的视角

改革开放以来,大量劳动力由中西部地区的农业部门流向东部沿海发达地区的非农部门,同步实现劳动力的乡城迁移和产业转移,这既是我国市场经济发展、二元经济结构转换的必然结果,也是支撑我国国民经济增长的一个重要机制。研究结果表明。80年代中期以来,随着我国区际劳动力流动日益活跃,劳动力就业结构效应对国民经济总量增长的贡献率呈加强趋势。消除限制区际劳动力流动的各种障碍,进一步增强我国区域问劳动力流动性,是促进国民经济持续快速发展的应时之举。