Supportive Group Interventions with Caregivers of Frail Older Adults

The use of supportive group interventions with caregivers of frail older adults is discussed in this article. Four categories of group interventions are described: (1) mutual support groups, (2) psychoeducational groups, (3) social, recreational and educational groups, and (4) service and advocacy groups. Research evidence on the efficacy of group interventions with this population is also considered. Recommendations are made on when to refer caregivers to support groups and on what type of support group is most appropriate. Consideration by practitioners and program planners of a broader range of types of supportive groups is also encouraged.     

母公司对子公司的管理和控制模式研究

现代大型企业集团的出现,形成了集团母公司与下属各子公司(包括参股公司)之间复杂的组织结构与关系网络。由于母公司与子公司都是平等的企业法人,因此母公司如何对子公司进行有效的管理,发挥集团的整体优势,就成为理论界与企业界普遍关心的问题。本文对目前理论界和企业界所采取的母公司对子公司的管理和控制模式进行了研究。     

坚持三个文明建设是正泰腾飞的强大动力

正泰集团(Chint Group Corp.)是一家民营企业,经过20年艰苦创业,产品畅销海内外,已成为我国低压电器行业最大产销企业.本文概括介绍正泰集团腾飞成功的经验--坚持三个文明一起抓.作者以亲身经历,例举大量生动的事例,令人信服地说明:民营企业一定要以人为本,采用多样灵活有效方式,同时抓好三个文明建设,这样企业才有强大的生命力,才能持续快速发展,为现代化建设作出更大的贡献!正泰在实践中创造的宝贵经验,值得全国各地民营企业借鉴.     

Choice of Parametric Accelerated Life and Proportional Hazards Models for Survival Data: Asymptotic Results

We discuss the impact of misspecifying fully parametric proportional hazards and accelerated life models. For the uncensored case, misspecified accelerated life models give asymptotically unbiased estimates of covariate effect, but the shape and scale parameters depend on the misspecification. The covariate, shape and scale parameters differ in the censored case. Parametric proportional hazards models do not have a sound justification for general use: estimates from misspecified models can be very biased, and misleading results for the shape of the hazard function can arise. Misspecified survival functions are more biased at the extremes than the centre. Asymptotic and first order results are compared. If a model is misspecified, the size of Wald tests will be underestimated. Use of the sandwich estimator of standard error gives tests of the correct size, but misspecification leads to a loss of power. Accelerated life models are more robust to misspecification because of their log-linear form. In preliminary data analysis, practitioners should investigate proportional hazards and accelerated life models; software is readily available for several such models.     

先秦及秦汉时期西南地区彝族服饰地理研究

长期以来,对中国古代彝族服饰的历史地理研究几乎空白。川西南安宁河流域以滇为中心的靡莫之属和以邛都为中心的农耕民族头饰皆"椎髻"。以游牧为主的氐羌族群""、"昆明"头饰皆辫发(编发)。滇池地区滇人男女均穿对襟无领外衣。哀牢人有"文身"习俗,"衣皆着尾"。人"穿长裤,老人多喜蓄长须,佩长剑,盘发于脑后为长形髻"。白狼人披发左衽。估计"牛"羌服饰与"白狼"服饰基本相同。叟人服饰特征主要是"英雄结",披毡、赤足。地理环境、生产方式、经济状况等因素都对服饰有一定影响。彝族服饰有深厚的文化内涵。     

群体归因偏差及矫正策略

转型期社会群体对于社会认知和人的发展的归因偏差主要表现在过度归因于体制和政策、社会认识偏差、人情认知偏差、社会浮躁心态与社会牢骚等方面。因此,应通过克服归因从众心理,克服群体归因极化模式,提高元认知水平和强化自我控制等对策,使个体与群体都能得到良好的发展,更好地促进社会发展。     

全真教对元杂剧清丽派艺术风格的影响

元杂剧清丽派作品是在全真教理念影响下对“自然”理想的文学阐释 ,涉及到戏剧创作之意象、冲突和风格等核心内容 ,带有强烈的情绪化和自我心灵观照色彩 ,表现出独特的审美情趣     

我国乡村企业的混合治理模式研究——以山西龙门科技集团为例

乡村企业在我国农村经济的发展过程中扮演着重要角色。在经历了几个发展阶段以后,我国乡村企业的发展困境依然存在。按照经济成分和产权的不同,乡村企业可以分为几种不同的类型,并由此产生了不同的治理模式。通过讨论我国乡村企业的治理模式,系统阐述了龙门混合治理模式的主要特征、成因以及存在问题。最后,总结了龙门混合治理模式对我国新农村建设、构建和谐社会以及对乡村企业发展的启示。     

A simulation analysis of the impact of family configuration on virtual cellular manufacturing

Past research has shown that it is possible to simultaneously achieve the setup efficiencies of traditional cellular manufacturing systems and the routeing flexibility of a job shop by viewing cells not as permanent, physical structures, but as temporary, 'virtual' entities. This research demonstrates that the advantages of virtual manufacturing cells can be obtained over a range of part family configurations. In particular, virtual cellular manufacturing is robust to changes in the number and size of families being processed. Further, the research shows that the benefits can be obtained under setup conditions impartial to a family-oriented part environment.     

Estimating population size with truncated sampling

Let X₁, X₂,…,X_n be independent, indentically distributed random variables with density f(x,θ) with respect to a σ-finite measure μ. Let R be a measurable set in the sample space X. The value of X is observable if X ? (X?R) and not otherwise. The number J of observable X’s is binomial, N, Q, Q = 1?P(X ? R). On the basis of J observations, it is desired to estimate N and θ. Estimators considered are conditional and unconditional maximum likelihood and modified maximum likelihood using a prior weight function to modify the likelihood before maximizing. Asymptotic expansions are developed for the [Ncirc]’s of the form [Ncirc] = N + α√N + β + o_p(1), where α and β are random variables. All estimators have the same α, which has mean 0, variance σ² (a function of θ) and is asymptotically normal. Hence all are asymptotically equivalent by the usual limit distributional theory. The β’s differ and Eβ can be considered an “asymptotic bias”. Formulas are developed to compare the asymptotic biases of the various estimators. For a scale parameter family of absolutely continuous distributions with X = (0,∞) and R = (T,∞), special formuli are developed and a best estimator is found.