论中国共产党意识形态话语权的实质与特征

中国共产党意识形态话语权实质上是马克思主义话语权,其内涵可以界定为作为中国共产党指导思想的马克思主义及其中国化的理论成果依据其自身的理论特性与现实影响,拥有解释、规范和指导当代中国社会发展方向与进程的资格、能力、身份与地位。强制性与非强制性、渗透性与非渗透性、历史性与动态性、排他性与开放性是中国共产党意识形态话语权的主要特征。     

法藏“真妄互融”的语言哲学思想探究

法藏吸收了唯识学有关语言的看法,并发展其师智俨关于法界缘起的理论,统摄了世间法与出世间法,统一了虚妄分别的世界和恒常不变的法界,将语言的"染",变为了"净",得出语言可以显示诸法实相的结论,从而改变了中观以来的去除名言戏论才能获得诸法实相的观点,扭转了唯识学世间与出世间的割裂,表现出了对世间、对言说的尊重,从中可以看出法藏"真妄互融"的语言哲学思想。     

论对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的理解与立法应对

精神障碍者的拒绝治疗权是弱者人权保障与自我决定权在《精神卫生法》中的贯彻,是精神卫生立法的核心问题之一。其兼具必要性和复杂性,因而在理论与实践中经常遭到曲解,如视精神科医生的医学判断为法律判决、将强制住院等同于拒绝治疗权的丧失、将限制拒绝治疗权适用的紧急情形扩大为一般性危险。由此导致对精神障碍者拒绝治疗权的否定和对人类尊严的蔑视,形成了贬低人格的家长主义。因此,学界需要对认识误区进行深度剖析并提出相应的对策,以期为完善我国的精神卫生立法提供建议。     

The German Administrative Record Census – An object identification problem

Summary: The next German census will be an Administrative Record Census. Data from several administrative registers about persons will be merged. Object identification has to be applied, since no unique identification number exists in the registers. We present a two–step procedure. We briefly discuss questions like correctness and completeness of the Administrative Record Census. Then we focus on the object identification problem, that can be perceived as a special classification problem. Pairs of records are to be classified as matched or not matched. To achieve computational efficiency a preselection technique of pairs is applied. Our approach is illustrated with a database containing a large set of consumer addresses.*This work was partially supported by the Berlin–Brandenburg Graduate School in Distributed Information Systems (DFG grant no. GRK 316). The authors thank Michael Fürnrohr for previewing the paper. We would like to thank also for the helpful comments of an anonymous reviewer.     

论人口流动与艾滋病传播的关系

本文通过援引广阔真实背景下的论据,从医学人类学和社会医学视角出发,论证和归纳了人口流动与艾滋病传播之间至少存在三种关系:第一,同源性,即被相似甚至相同的社会张力和社会结构驱动;第二,直接相互作用,即人口流动过程中的宏观、中观、微观因素会增加具体情境的艾滋病风险、社会易感性和脆弱性;第三,更微妙的间接相互影响与联系,即二者相互交织产生的一系列社会效应分别反作用于艾滋病防治与人口流动问题。     

“学习中心”课堂中小组合作学习的问题及对策

学习中心课堂正成为我国课堂教学转型性变革的基本取向,而小组合作学习是建构学习中心课堂的抓手和突破口之一。目前小组合作学习主要存在分组随意,同质化现象严重;学困生被边缘化,学优生积极性受挫;小组成员不能友好相处;小组合作的整体积极性不高等问题。因此,需要从异质分组、学科联动;建立小组共同愿景;小组成员各尽其责;给予合作方法指导;规范小组合作形式;以评价促合作等方面进行改进。     

高校“概论”课实践教学过程评价机制的探讨

实践教学是高校“毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论”课的一个重要组成部分.过程评价有效实施能促进实践教学的有效进行,提高教学质量.基于此,构建符合该课实践教学特殊性和规律性的过程评价机制,需明确评价主体及其定位,确定评价内容,规范评价标准,建立协商式评价方式.     

以改善人际关系促进大学生心理健康发展

和谐人际关系是大学生心理健康的重要评判标准,心理健康问题突出表现在人际关系方面,亲密人际关系的丧失极易导致身心疾病甚至死亡。应针对大学生人际交往特点培养其交往品质、养成交际技能,引导大学生主动、积极交往,以促进大学生心理健康水平的提高。     

Sequential and Simultaneous Decision Making for Optimizing Health Care Resource Flexibilities

Health care administrators commonly employ two types of resource flexibilities (demand upgrades and staffing flexibility) to efficiently coordinate two critical internal resources, nursing staff and beds, and an external resource (contract nurses) to satisfy stochastic patient demand. Under demand upgrades, when beds are unavailable for patients in a less acute unit, patients are upgraded to a more acute unit if space is available in that unit. Under staffing flexibility, nurses cross‐trained to work in more than one unit are used in addition to dedicated and contract nurses. Resource decisions (beds and staffing) can be made at a single point in time (simultaneous decision making) or at different points in time (sequential decision making). In this article, we address the following questions: for each flexibility configuration, under sequential and simultaneous decision making, what is the optimal resource level required to meet stochastic demand at minimum cost? Is one type of flexibility (e.g., demand upgrades) better than the other type of flexibility (e.g., staffing flexibility)? We use two‐stage stochastic programming to find optimal resource levels for two nonhomogeneous hospital units that face stochastic demand following a continuous, general distribution. We conduct a full‐factorial numerical experiment and find that the benefit of using staffing flexibility on average is greater than the benefit of using demand upgrades. However, the two types of flexibilities have a positive interaction effect and they complement each other. The type of flexibility and decision timing has an independent effect on system performance (capacity and staffing costs). The benefits of cross‐training can be largely realized even if beds and staffing levels have been determined prior to the establishment of a cross‐training initiative.     

Objective Bayesian Analysis of an Exponential Regression Model with Constrained Parameters Applied to Animal Digestibility

In animal digestibility the proportion of degraded food along the time has usually been modeled as a normal random variable with mean a function of the time and the following three parameters: the proportion of degraded food almost instantaneously, remaining proportion of food to be degraded, and velocity of degradation. The estimation of these parameters has been carried out mainly from a frequentist viewpoint by using the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator. This may give inadmissible estimates, such as values outside of the range of the parameters. This drawback could not appear if a Bayesian approach were adopted. In this article an objective Bayesian analysis is developed and illustrated on real and simulated data.