数字金融对农户气候适应性行为的影响

气候适应性技术采用率低下已成为制约农业可持续发展的重要因素,数字金融可能影响农户的气候适应性行为。基于河南、陕西、山西三省1 384份农户微观调查数据,运用内生转换回归模型构建反事实分析框架,实证分析数字金融使用对农户气候适应性行为的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现:使用数字金融能显著促进农户气候适应性技术采纳行为,具体表现为在反事实假设下,使用数字金融的农户若未使用其气候适应性技术采纳程度将下降;未使用数字金融的农户如果使用了,其气候适应性技术采纳程度将上升。机制分析表明,数字金融能够提高借贷易得性与信息易得性,进而促进农户采纳气候适应性行为,农户对于金融包容性的认知能够正向增强数字金融对农户气候适应性行为的影响效应。异质性分析表明,数字金融使用对于资本型适应性行为影响的边际效应最大,在反事实假设下也表现为数字金融使用对农户资本型适应性行为提升效果最强;数字金融对农业收入占家庭收入比率较高、接受过培训的农户采纳气候适应性技术促进效应更高。     

论运动和营养

不良的饮食习惯和缺乏活动的现代化生活方式 ,引起了各种疾病和特殊病的发生。诸如 ,肥胖症、慢性腰部劳损、高血压、腹部肌肉衰弱和容易罹患的心血管疾病。本文概要地论述关于人体健康的两个方面———运动和营养。     

Three faces of international inequality

Recent studies of international inequality have focused mostly on the trend in international income inequality. This article extends the analysis of international inequality to also include inequalities in education and health. Analyses of time-series data for more than 100 countries show that international income inequality declined from 1980 to 2003 as several large, poor Asian countries outpaced many Western countries in national income growth. By contrast, international health inequality followed a U-shaped trend, falling in the 1980s before rising in the 1990s. The turnaround in health inequality coincides with a trend of declining life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. International educational inequality experienced the sharpest recent decline, spurred by the global expansion of formal schooling. These findings confirm that there is more to international inequality than income inequality alone and suggest that patterns of inequality in the current era of globalization are likely more complex than many leading theories suggest.     

欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化探析

公共性是政府的根本属性,它决定了政府必须将公共利益作为政府行为的首要原则,确保公共利益得到切实维护和实现。然而,由于各种主客观原因,目前欠发达地区政府行为表现出了利益化、法外化、低效化的不良特征,导致政府行为公共性弱化。本文讨论了欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的现实原因,并提出了规避欠发达地区政府行为公共性弱化的路径选择。     

新媒体语境下大学生体育行为的现状、特征及其提升路径

新媒体迅速发展增加了体育信息传播的途径和范围。为探究新媒体语境下信息时代的体育传播对大学生体育行为的影响,本文对重庆市4所高校的大学生参与体育活动形式、获取传媒信息的渠道以及体育行为需求等情况进行调查,通过文献资料整理、问卷调查、数理统计等研究方法,对新媒体语境下信息传播对重庆市大学生体育理念和行为、特征等问题进行研究,为大学生形成科学合理的锻炼方式、养成良好的体育行为等提供参考,为新媒体信息在新时代高校体育工作的应用提供理论依据。     

风险投资公司激励约束机制的博弈分析

目的/意义受托管理机构的寻租行为会导致政府创业投资引导基金的投资运作偏离预定的政策性目标,完善对受托管理机构的激励监督机制, 防范道德风险的发生,对于确保引导基金投资运作的合规性具有重要意义。设计/方法引入监督成本和惩罚函数,并将其植入Holmstrom-Milgrom线性契约激励模型,构建了一个针对受托管理机构寻租行为的激励监督模型。结论/发现最优激励水平和监督力度一方面受政府与引导基金自身特点的影响,包括政府的监督成本、惩罚力度和引导基金所处市场环境的不确定性,另一方面也与受托管理机构的履约成本、寻租成本和风险偏好有关。政府应在综合考虑这些参数的影响的基础上制定激励监督策略。进一步地分析发现,单独采用激励或监督策略并不能取得最优的治理效果,只有将两种策略结合起来才能更有效地减少寻租行为,降低委托代理成本,实现政府收益的最大化。     

Preschoolers' Attachment to Mother and Risk for Adjustment Problems in Kindergarten: Can Teachers Make a Difference?

Based on attachment theory, two aims were addressed. Firstly, we tested whether close teacher–child relationships may buffer children who are less securely attached to their mothers against negative outcomes, such as aggressive behavior. Secondly, our study evaluated whether teacher sensitivity may protect less securely attached children against forming less close relationships with their teachers. In a sample of 127 children, mother–child attachment was observed in preschool. In kindergarten, teacher sensitivity was observed, and teacher–child closeness and child aggressive behavior were rated by the teacher. Results of multilevel hierarchical regression analyses first showed that with high teacher–child closeness, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for more aggressive behavior. Secondly, it was found that with high teacher sensitivity, less securely attached children are no longer at risk for developing less close relationships with their teachers.     

Predictors of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior in an Adolescent Sports Context

This study examined antisocial and prosocial behavior of N = 439 adolescent athletes between 14 and 17 years of age (67 teams). Multi‐level analyses showed that team membership explained 20 and 13 percent of the variance in antisocial and prosocial behavior in the sports context, respectively. The team effects suggest that aggregating antisocial or prosocial adolescents within teams may partially explain differences in antisocial and prosocial behavior among athletes in the sports context. A trend was found toward a relation between higher levels of moral reasoning within teams, and less antisocial behavior in the sports context. Favorable moral atmosphere was positively associated with more prosocial behavior in the sports context. Finally, supportive coach–athlete relationships were associated with both less antisocial and more prosocial behavior in the sports context.     

我国农村基本公共卫生服务的均等化发展

以制度化设计为重点的均等化公共卫生服务可以减少居民消费不确定性,促进社会公平和稳定,是国外经济社会发展政策的普遍趋势。我国农村公共卫生服务从均等化发展的目标来衡量,仍面临城乡环境差距较大、卫生资源布局不合理等诸多障碍,因此,必须加大改革力度,从推进农村公共服务设施与城市衔接、加强农村基础设施投入和完善农村医疗卫生体系等重点领域进行突破,全面推进农村公共服务与城市的融合。