看病难,看病贵:不能解决,还是不想解决?——关于医改舍本求末、屡改屡败的沉重思考

看病难、看病贵的问题长期困扰着国民,政府主管部门采取的解决措施却是隔靴搔痒,投鼠忌器,职能部门归咎的原因讳莫如深,避实就虚。看病难、看病贵的真正原因是国家医疗卫生体制市场化改革滞后;国家医疗卫生行政部门因保护部门权益不想改革;公立医疗卫生服务行业人员因既得利益不热心改革。当前医患冲突不断升级,已经成为一个社会问题,影响社会的和谐和稳定。针对今后的医疗改革,推行医疗服务市场化是解决看病难、看病贵的根本;实施以技养医是解决看病难、看病贵的关键。     

怎样确定民法上过错程度及其区分标准

新的过错程度区分采取未达到善良管理人的注意这一统一的标准,在过错的统一框架内进行,通过主、客观加重因素依次提高过错程度:行为人仅仅违反交易上必要的注意义务,无其他主、客观加重因素的为一般过失;行为人违反注意义务的行为制造了一种明显且严重的危险,并且行为人对危险结果有高度或然性认识的为重大过失;行为人预见到自己违反注意义务的行为结果必定发生,或者相信自己违反注意义务的行为基本上必定会导致危害结果,仍然希望它发生或者听任它发生的为故意。     

扶贫实践与扶贫文化的提出

扶贫文化产生于扶贫实践 ,作用于扶贫实践。扶贫文化具有文化所有的文化特征 ,有其内部完整层面、亚文化的动态性和边缘性以及多维的亚结构体。扶贫文化对扶贫实践具有十分重要的指导意义     

《太阳照在桑干河上》与丁玲的创作个性

曾有学者认为《太阳照在桑干河上》是丁玲失去创作个性的产物。本文从不久前公开发表的丁玲一篇佚文入手,联系该长篇小说创作与出版过程中的曲折经历,对其体现的作者创作个性作了较为具体扼要的分析,证明它仍具有丁玲作品一贯的大气和锋芒;并通过相关材料的独家披露,澄清了《桑干河上》何以能获得斯大林文艺奖这一文学史上经常引起猜测和遭致误解的谜团。     

以社区照顾理念发展农村养老服务事业

我国农村地区的老龄化程度高于城市,由于青壮年劳动力的大量流出,导致农村"空巢"现象严重,老年人口抚养比急剧上扬,不仅使经济落后的农村地区养老的经济负担更为沉重,而且给农村家庭养老照护服务带来了更大的压力。社区照顾的理念和方法有助于弥补家庭照顾和机构照顾的不足,适合农村地区的社会现实和农村老年人的心理,能够有效解决农村养老服务供给失衡的问题。我国政府借鉴社区照顾模式,出台了一系列推动社区养老服务发展的政策措施,取得了一定的成效,但是,农村养老服务仍然面临一系列的发展难题。     

人力资本理论:大学教师薪酬制度研究的新视野

基于人力资本理念的当代薪酬,表现出期望式薪酬和个性化的特征,适宜于大学教师薪酬制度.新的分配理论更加关注大学教师自身特性,可以弥补和超越原有理论,人力资本产权论还能体现薪酬分配以教师为本的特征,且符合聘任制改革的效率导向.     

Evidence-based treatments for trauma among culturally diverse foster care youth: Treatment retention and outcomes

This study describes the implementation of three evidence-based treatments addressing traumatic stress symptoms within a wraparound foster care program in Illinois. Child–Parent Psychotherapy (CPP), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), and Structured Psychotherapy for Adolescents Responding to Chronic Stress (SPARCS) were implemented with a racially diverse sample of youth ages 3–18 at six agencies. Culturally sensitive adaptations were made to treatment approaches to improve client retention and outcomes. Data analyses revealed no racial differences in retention in the program and no differences in outcomes between minority youth exposed to the intervention and other participants. All three evidence-based treatments were effective in reducing symptoms and improving functioning among minority youth. Implementation issues, including challenges and culturally competent accommodations, are discussed.     

The fusion of culture and science: Challenges and controversies of cultural competency and evidence-based practice with an African American family advocacy network

This paper identifies interrelationships between evidence-based practice (EBP), radical structuralism, and culture, arguing that culturally-specific beliefs and norms should be integrated into evidence-based, cross-cultural partnerships within child and family service systems. A single case study of family advocate training in evidence-based practice is provided as an illustration of, and impetus for, the development of a format for use with community-based and ethnically-diverse parent/family advocates. The lessons learned from teaching evidence-based practice to a parent advocate in a particular child welfare service system are highlighted. The use of enhanced roles for social workers and indigenous social capital and resources, such as family advocates as allies, is recommended to help achieve a greater degree of accountability, cooperation, and core understanding in the use of EBP. By training racially-diverse foster parents as mental health advocates to work collaboratively with policymakers, community groups, and family participants, proponents of EBP will reach and benefit more diverse populations.     

Sick building syndrome and perceived indoor environmental quality: A survey of apartment buildings in Hong Kong

The outbreak of a highly communicable disease, SARS, in Asia in 2003 has revealed the health risk of living in a high-density environment. To show the important connection between human health and environmental quality, this study surveys the prevalence of sick building syndrome (SBS) among apartment residents and their evaluation of indoor environmental quality (IEQ). Based on a sample of 748 households living in Hong Kong, two interesting findings are revealed: (1) nasal discomfort was the commonest home-related SBS symptom despite the absence of any central ventilation system in apartment buildings; (2) noise, rather than ventilation, was the major IEQ problem perceived by residents. Our statistical analysis further showed that residents with SBS symptoms were less satisfied with their IEQ than those without. That is, despite a positive evaluation of specific IEQ criteria with respect to the building residents lived in, if they reported feeling SBS related symptoms, the overall IEQ evaluation of their building could still be negative. This perception bias gives rise to a sample selection problem in measuring perceived IEQ, which has implications on housing management practices and the formulation of a healthy housing policy.     

对老年人家庭照料者的社会性别研究评述

受传统文化习俗、我国目前社会养老机构不健全等因素影响,我国多数老年人的日常生活照料仍主要依靠家庭成员提供。研究表明,在老年人家庭照料中存在较为明显的性别差异,女性化趋势显著。这对于已逐渐走出家庭的现代女性来说,面临着强烈的角色冲突和较大的照料压力。家庭照料的女性化趋势对妇女的社会地位产生了深远影响。在审视人口老龄化问题的同时,应关注到人口老化与妇女地位的关系。