关于社会主义社会基本矛盾的辩证思考

社会主义基本矛盾的内涵涉及到对社会主义的正确认识,恩格斯关于生产资料社会性两重性的思想,为认识社会主义的基本矛盾提供了科学的方法论。社会主义社会的基本矛盾是生产资料社会主义社会化占有与相对落后的社会化生产的矛盾,既与资本主义社会基本矛盾区别,也与社会基本矛盾相吻合,同时也与社会主义发展的现实相一致。社会主义社会的生产力和生产关系相互促进的作用过程就是社会主义社会基本矛盾辩证发展的过程和方式。     

高等教育制度改革后贫困大学生心理健康问题浅析

本文阐述了高等教育制度改革后贫困大学生的心理健康问题,分析了贫困大学生心理健康问题的原因,并提出了化解贫困大学生心理健康问题的对策。     

高校《体育与健康课程》构建与发展研究

通过对高校学生体质与健康状况资料的分析 ,认为健康教育应作为高校体育教育的首要任务 ,坚持以人为本 ,“健康第一”。并就《体育与健康课程》的内涵、课程体系的构建及发展进行了探讨和研究     

平教会定县实验中的农村卫生工作之考察

中华平民教育促进会定县实验区在二十世纪三十年代创立了一套由村保健员、乡保健所、县保健院组成的三级卫生保健网,并在学校卫生、妇婴保健、传染病预防和疾病治疗等方面做出了显著的成绩,在当时产生了广泛的影响,对我们今天来说仍值得借鉴。     

“推力”、“拉力”之外更需“助力”——中国农民工市民化之历史蜕变途径浅探

中国城市化进程中数以亿计的农民工在农村之“推力”与城市之“拉力”下,进入城市,他们能否完成由农民到市民的历史蜕变,是关系到我国的现代化与和谐社会建设的重大问题。由于后发展国家政府导向的前瞻性与我国的国情及时代之要求,我们不能走西方国家的自然转化之路,只能发挥后发优势,由政府与社会对此历史进程加以“助力”,使之在较短时间内顺利完成此历史蜕变。     

节日橱窗陈列设计刍议

橱窗陈列设计不光是商店的一种美化性装饰 ,它实则为商家的一种重要的促销手段。节日为厂商提供了扩大商品销售的大好时机 ;节日橱窗陈列设计必须把握住不同节日的特点 ,但关键是要有新颖、独特的创意 ;还必须掌握和运用多种艺术性表现手法来进行创作。     

Pathways between education and health: a causal modelling approach

Summary.  The association of poor education and poor health has been consistently observed in many studies and in various countries. Thus far, studies examining the mechanisms underlying this association have looked at only a limited set of potential pathways. This study simultaneously examines six distinctive pathways, which have been hypothesized to link education and health and found support from previous studies. A causal analysis of education and health was performed using structural equation models. Data were used from six phases of the National Child Development Study, which is based on following up an initial sample of 17416 children who were born in 1958. The association between education and health appears to be explained by a combination of mechanisms: adolescent health and adult health behaviours for men and women, adult social class among men and parental social class among women. We conclude that improvements in population educational attainment may not automatically lead to improvements in population health, and that health policies for improving health and reducing health inequalities need to target specific causal pathways.     

“健康丝绸之路”构建的“政府—社会”复合路径

借鉴社会运动理论,可探索一种融合了政府自上而下和社会自下而上进程的“政府—社会”复合路径,以构建“健康丝绸之路”。社会运动理论的三种视角可为这种复合路径的具体实施与需要关注的环节带来重要启发：首先,当前新冠肺炎疫情的跨国传播暴露了全球公共卫生治理体系存在的严重不足,凸显出构建补充型国际卫生合作模式的必要性与紧迫性;其次,推进“健康丝绸之路”的构建,需要政府和社会层面的协作,将“一带一路”沿线国家的资源充分调动起来,形成优势互补与资源共享。与此同时,要推进健康话语体系的完善,如倡导和促进“人类卫生健康共同体”理念的传播,通过话语和心理共鸣等民心相通的途径,促使国际社会采取联合行动以共同应对全球公共卫生危机。     

Physician perceptions of medical malpractice and defensive medicine

Using judgments obtained in interviews with 33 Massachusetts physicians, the annual statewide volume of expenditures incurred for defensive medical reasons in 1982 was estimated to be $1.0 billion, 12% of all medical care expenditures. Estimates for the nation were $37 billion, 14% of expenditures. Nationally, 180,000 cesarean deliveries were thought to be performed for defensive motives. In their own institutions, respondents judged 43% of all skull x-rays following injury to be medically justified, 30% to be defensive medicine, 16% to be placebos, and 11% to be physician misjudgments. In considering the economic and noneconomic costs of medical malpractice procedures, the dollar costs of insurance were considered most serious, followed closely by defensive medicine, unfairness, and poorer relations with patients. Thirty-two percent of the responsibility for the negative aspects of malpractice processes was assigned to lawyers, 21% to physicians, 18% to legislatures and courts, 16% to patients, and 13% to insurance companies.     

The impact of P.L. 93-641, the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, upon health and mental health programming

Federal legislation regarding health care in the U.S. has increased rapidly in the past few years. A major law with potential far-reaching effects was enacted as a result of increasing legislation and rising health care costs. This law,The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act,has created a network of over 200 local, mostly nongovernment units, called health systems agencies. These agencies are responsible for areawide health planning, plan implementation, review and approval of federal health care expenditures for local programs, and facilities review. They will affect health and mental health programs at the local level. The article is directed to local health and mental health care providers who will, of necessity, deal directly with the local HSA's.