美国通用语言的发展策略及其特征

英语成为关利坚的通用语言,是英国殖民者和美国主流社会在其宗教使命感、文化优越感和强烈的母语情结的作用下,依靠军事、经济、文化实力对土著印第安人、非英裔白人和黑人等民族语言同化和融合的产物。它的实质是语言同化外衣下对少数族裔文化认同的瓦解和再造,是建立美国英语在全球语言霸权的初次演练。     

Persistence of an exclusionary model: Inequality and segmentation in Mexican society

Beginning in the 1980s, Mexico's social and labour policies took a neoliberal turn which exacerbated inequalities, poverty and social exclusion. The change of policy course that has occurred over the past decade has so far failed to bring about a critical review of the country's economic model and its social consequences. The role of the State has been systematically cut back; social services have been outsourced to the market; and informal family‐based social protection has gained ground. Mexico's social model has thus been reduced to a system that is almost exclusively concerned with protection for those living in extreme poverty.     

试析“秘书问题”的本质及解决路径

“秘书问题”是20世纪90年代出现的一个具有特殊含义的词语,主要指存在于部分秘书身上的晋升快、越权干政、贪污腐败和领导权力掮客等负面现象。其实“秘书问题”与领导问题息息相关,与领导权力寻租、权力失控有密切的关系。要解决“秘书问题”,可从加强领导权力制约和运行监管、健全秘书使用监管机制、培育秘书信念道德三条途径入手,关键是有效制约领导权力。     

Seclusion,decision-making power,and gender disparities in adult health: Examining hypertension in India

Research on the social determinants of health in developing countries is increasingly focusing on the importance of gender. Cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension are a growing concern in developing countries, where they are now the leading cause of death. Researchers have documented differences in hypertension between men and women, but the importance of gendered practices in shaping these differences has been left unexamined. Using national data from the India Human Development Survey 2005 (N = 101,593), this study assesses the moderating role of two salient and widespread gendered practices—women’s seclusion and decision-making power—on hypertension disparities between women and men. Both seclusion and low decision-making power are associated with increased odds of hypertension for women, but in the case of seclusion reduced hypertension for men. Results also show the gender gap in hypertension is exacerbated with women’s seclusion and low decision-making power.     

不平等的再生产：从社会经济地位到健康不平等--基于CFPS2010的实证分析

本文利用2010年中国家庭追踪调查（ CFPS ）数据,探索性分析了社会经济地位影响健康不平等的两个中介机制－－健康预防机制和健康恢复机制。研究结果表明,健康预防机制中,社会经济地位影响生活方式,进而影响自评健康水平的假设得到部分验证,其中营养水平的中介效应得到验证;健康恢复机制中,社会经济地位影响医疗保健能力,进而影响自评健康水平的假设得到部分验证,其中医疗保健支付能力的中介效应得到证明。最后,分析发现,＂看病贵＂比＂看病难＂更能影响民众的健康状况。     

Good health and the bridging of structural holes

Bridges that span structural holes are often explained in terms of the entrepreneurial personalities or rational motivations of brokers, or structural processes that lead to the intersection of social foci. I argue that the existence and use of bridges in interpersonal networks also depends on individuals’ health. Poor health may make it more difficult to withstand the pressures and to execute some of the common tasks associated with bridging (e.g., brokerage). I examine this possibility using egocentric network data on over 2500 older adults drawn from the recent National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Multivariate regression analyses show that both cognitive and functional health are significantly positively associated with bridging, net of sociodemographic and life-course controls. The relationship between functional (kinesthetic) health and bridging appears to be partially mediated by network composition, as older adults who have poorer functional health also tend to have networks that are richer in strong ties. Several potential mediation mechanisms are discussed. Cognitive function remains significantly associated with bridging net of network composition, suggesting that the inherent challenges of maintaining bridging positions may be more difficult to cope with for those who have cognitive impairments than for those who have functional impairments such as limited mobility. An alternative explanation is that cognitively impaired individuals have more difficulty recognizing (and thus strategically using) bridges in their networks. Theoretical implications and possibilities for future research are discussed.     

Former Minister Zhang's discourse on SARS: Government's image restoration or destruction?

This study analyzes the image repair discourse by Chinese Health Minister Zhang Wenkang's discourse on SARS. The minister faced several accusations: the SARS outbreak was growing, the Chinese government had covered up the severity of this problem, the Chinese government ignored Taiwanese who suffered from SARS, and the Health Ministry provided information that was neither timely nor accurate. He employed several image repair strategies (denial, defeasibility, bolstering, minimization, differentiation, attack accuser, and corrective action). However, his messages were contradictory and apparently related on false information, so his efforts were unsuccessful and he was stripped of his office.     

老年健康产业发展现状、规划与对策探讨

随着中国人口老龄化程度的加深,高龄老人的比重不断增加,老年人口的健康问题呈日益严重的趋势,已成为影响中国当前及未来社会经济发展的重大问题。健康是享受生活的前提,是影响老年人生活质量的最大因素之一,健康老龄化是老龄社会发展的重要目标,而老年健康产业的发展则是实现健康老龄化的前提。因此,弄清老年健康产业的内涵,大力发展老年健康产业,并积极构建政府、社会、社区和家庭有机结合的老年健康产业体系,对未来中国社会经济发展具有十分重要的意义。     

中国文化推广的战略定位和实施路径

中国文化推广缺乏学术研究的引领和文化产业的支撑。中国文化推广的战略定位和实施路径应环绕三个枢纽展开：中国文化推广现状,中国文化推广路径,中国文化推广体系;着力解决好四个关键：文化推广路径调研,传统文化精品尤其是哲理思想和世界性理论问题互动,（多模态）影像片创意和精美制作,发展文化产业。只有这样,中国文化推广的春天甚至是夏天才会到来。     

对反腐倡廉法治化的探讨

腐败总是权力的腐败 ,反腐倡廉法治化从根本上讲就是对权力的制约机制法治化。本文认为 ,在我国应加强廉政立法 ,实现以法治权 ,确立权力运行程序化和公开化 ,以权利制约权力 ,进行体制改革 ,以体制控制权力 ,严肃廉政执法司法 ,从法律责任上约束权力