Gender-based health interventions in the United States: An overview of the coalition for healthier community initiative

Health disparities by gender constitute an important yet often overlooked aspect of health around the globe. Within the United States, there is both a paucity of research as well as planned programs that take into account how socio-cultural roles and expectations for men and women may differentially affect symptoms, access to care, and treatment. Viewing women's health exclusively as a function of sex (i.e., biological) differences represents a narrow understanding that does not fully explain gaps in health disparities between men and women. In September 2010, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) launched a national initiative entitled the Coalition for a Healthier Community (CHC) to employ a gender-based framework in several urban, suburban and rural communities across the nation. The Office on Women's Health (OWH) within the DHHS funded 10 coalitions to ultimately improve the health of women and girls utilizing a gender-based approach. This article provides an overview of the initiative and the focus of the special issue.     

大学生心理控制源对时间管理倾向的影响

目的：探讨大学生心理控制源对时间管理倾向的影响,为高校教育教学工作提供参考和依据。方法：采用黄希庭编制的“青少年时间管理倾向量表”和罗特编制的“内在—外在心理控制源量表”对208名大学生进行测试。结果：大学生心理控制源在性别和年级方面不存在显著的差异,时间管理倾向在性别和年级方面存在显著的差异,女生在时间管理方面要好于男生,大一学生对时间的管理要好于其他年级的学生;大学生心理控制源与时间管理倾向及时间价值感、时间监控观呈显著正相关;内控型大学生在时间管理总体水平及时间监控观、时间效能感上均显著高于外控型大学生;回归分析表明,心理控制源对时间管理总体水平及时间价值感、时间监控观均具有显著的预测作用。结论：大学生心理控制源对其时间管理倾向具有显著影响,可以通过有针对性地归因训练来提高大学生的时间管理水平。     

Environmental Exposures to Metals in Native Communities and Implications for Child Development: Basis for the Navajo Birth Cohort Study

Two disparate statistics often cited for the Western United States raise concern about risks for developmental disabilities in Native American children. First, 13 of the states with the highest percentage of Native American population are located in the Western United States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012 U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2010 (U.S. Census Briefs, January, #C2010BR-10). Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-10.pdf [Google Scholar]). Second, more than 161,000 abandoned hard-rock mines are located in 12 Western states (General Accounting Office, 2014 General Accounting Office. (2014, July 14). GAO-11–834T: Abandoned Mines. Information on the number of hardrock mines, cost of cleanup, and value of financial assurances. Statement of Anu K. Mittal, Director, Natural Resources and Environment Team, Testimony before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources, Committee on Natural Resources, House of Representatives. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-834T [Google Scholar]). Moreover, numerous studies have linked low-level metals exposure with birth defects and developmental delays. Concern has emerged among tribal populations that metals exposure from abandoned mines might threaten development of future generations.     

中小学教师的心理健康问题对学生的影响及改进措施

作者认为,教师心理健康是教师心理素质的一个重要反映,中小学教师的心理健康问题不仅影响自己更直接影响学生的身心发展。作者研究分析了中小学教师心理不健康的各种主要表现,探讨了造成中小学教师心理不健康的因素,研究分析了中小学教师心理不健康的种种表现对学生产生的不良影响。同时,论述了教师的心理健康的重要意义,并提出了维护和促进中小学教师心理健康的一些方法和措施。     

“You’re a ‘high-risk’ customer”: A qualitative study of women’s experiences of receiving information from health professionals regarding health problems or complications in pregnancy

BackgroundExperiencing complications in pregnancy is stressful for women and can impact on fetal and maternal outcomes. Supportive encounters with health professionals can reduce the worry women experience. Further research is needed to understand women’s perspectives on communicating with their healthcare providers about their concerns.AimThis study explored women’s experiences of receiving information about pregnancy complications from healthcare providers and their interactions with multiple professionals and services during pregnancy.MethodsThis was a qualitative interpretive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women experiencing pregnancy complications recruited from antenatal services at two hospitals in Sydney. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsWomen had a range of reactions to their diagnoses, including concern for their baby, for themselves and for their labour. Most women reported that communication with healthcare providers was distressing, they were not listened to and staff used insensitive, abrupt language. Women were also distressed by delays in education, receiving contradictory information and having to repeatedly share their stories with different health professionals. In some cases, this damaged the therapeutic relationship and reduced trust towards healthcare providers. Midwives were generally preferred over doctors because they had a more woman-centred approach.ConclusionTo improve women’s experiences of care for pregnancy complications, it is critical to improve the communication skills of maternity service providers. Women’s need for information, resources and support can best be provided by continuity of care with a named health professional, for example, a midwife working within an integrated multidisciplinary antenatal service model.     

新冠肺炎疫情影响下的白俄罗斯及其与中国合作

新冠肺炎疫情对白俄罗斯经济、社会和政治造成巨大冲击,暴露并加剧了白俄罗斯国家和社会治理领域存在的问题。在疫情背景下,白俄罗斯第六届总统选举触发政治危机。卢卡申科政府通过采取有效措施应对使紧张局势逐渐趋于缓和,国内恢复正常秩序,内外政策随之调整,对内宣布启动修宪,对外加强非西方外交,尤其加强与俄罗斯的联盟关系。疫情发生以来,中国与白俄罗斯开展了行之有效的合作,对于促进白俄罗斯稳定与发展发挥了积极的作用,并为后疫情时代构建中白卫生健康命运共同体奠定了良好基础。     

广东老年人口婚姻结构变化特征与生活能力分析

基于人口普查数据分析,本文发现广东老年人口有配偶比例大幅度上升,丧偶比例大幅度下降,婚姻结构与全国趋同。老年人口婚姻结构在性别、年龄、教育程度和城乡间差异显著但趋于缩小。流动老年人口有配偶比例更高、丧偶比例更低,对总体老年人口婚姻结构产生影响。有配偶老人生活能力最强,丧偶和未婚老人生活能力最弱,有配偶、离婚的流动老人生活能力更强一些。社会养老服务和保障应关注不同婚姻状况老人的差异性需求。     

生命周期视角下与收入相关的健康不平等分析——基于组群分析的方法

本文利用中国健康与营养调查数据,从生命周期的视角对与收入相关的健康不平等的年龄特征和变动进行了基于组群分析的实证研究。研究结果表明：与收入相关的健康不平等随着年龄的增长不断扩大：不同年龄段的健康不平等均呈现不断扩大的变动趋势,45岁以上人群的变动幅度要相对大于45岁以下人群;教育、收入和医疗的不平等是与收入相关的健康不平等扩大的主要原因,但是对45岁以下人群健康不平等的影响要大于45岁以上人群;此外,本文还进一步分析了年龄老化对健康不平等变化的影响路径。     

政府投资促进机构工作实践分析研究——以甘肃省为例

政府投资促进机构是当前投资促进机构中最主要的组织模式之一。通过对甘肃省政府投资促进机构工作实践进行研究,了解目前甘肃省政府投资促进机构的客观现实情况,解析困扰政府投资促进机构发挥作用的问题和障碍,为进一步推动我国投资促进体系的完善、促进政府管理与服务方式的创新、实现社会经济又好又快的发展目标提供对策。