Assessing the geographic distribution of same sex and opposite sex couples across the United States: implications for claims of causality between traditional marriage and same sex unions

The percent of households headed by married couples has recently fallen below 50%, while the percent of unmarried couples (both heterosexual and homosexual) continues to rise. Nationally-representative estimates of unmarried couples which first appeared in the 1990 and 2000 decennial Censuses are now available on an annual basis through the American Community Survey. In this paper we use state-level panel data from 2000–2006 on the percent of households headed by married couples, same sex couples and opposite sex unmarried couples to assess widespread claims in the popular press of causality across living arrangements. Based on Granger causality tests we can reject claims that an increase in same sex couples has caused either a decline in marriage or (except in one case) an increase in heterosexual cohabitation. There is mixed evidence whether or not opposite sex couples may have Granger caused same sex couples, but stronger evidence that marriage and heterosexual cohabitation are interrelated.

科技有害假设原则及其对科技发展的正负面影响

科技有害假设原则作为科技社会价值评价的一种方法论原则,对科技发展有着正反两方面的影响。在叙述科技有害假设原则内涵的基础上,讨论由此引申出的三条科技危害认定规则。以此为基础,分别探讨科技有害假设原则对科技发展的正负面影响的具体内容。针对正负面影响的具体内容,进一步深入探讨科技有害假设原则的补充内容,使之更适合人类社会发展和科技发展的要求,并对科技有害假设原则做简要评析。     

群体决策基本理论评述

本文对群体决策研究的历史和现状进行了评述,分析研究了群体决策的定义和基本假设。将群体决策的偏好集结分为个体决策偏好序、概率偏好和模糊偏好三种集结类型,并对这三种不同的集结模型进行了探讨。     

Finite Order Implications of Common Priors

I characterize the implications of the common prior assumption for finite orders of beliefs about beliefs at a state and show that in finite models, the only such implications are those stemming from the weaker assumption of a common support. More precisely, given any finite N and any finite partitions model where priors have the same support, there is another finite partitions model with common priors that has the same nth order beliefs and knowledge for all n≤N.     

马克思跨越"卡夫丁峡谷"的理论设想及其重大意义

马克思跨越资本主义制度“卡夫丁峡谷”的理论设想 ,既是马克思晚年人类学笔记的最大的思想成果 ,也是马克思晚年思想发展的总结。这一理论成果 ,从世界历史思想、社会基本矛盾原理、社会形态发展理论和科学社会主义理论等四个方面突破了唯物史观和科学社会主义理论的某些传统观点 ,其中包括对《共产党宣言》和《资本论》的超越和突破 ,从而使马克思晚年的理论探索达到了一个新的高度 ,在世界历史和普遍交往、具体地分析历史环境、理论创新和实践创新等多方面有着极其重大的方法论意义     

论财务会计基本理论结构

会计基本理论研究和说明会计最核心的概念和原理,财务会计基本理论问题的研究受制于会计实务的发展水平和会计理论工作者的认识水平。财务会计基本理论的结构应包括会计假设、会计职能、会计目标、会计准则、会计要素、会计环境、会计程序等内容。     

论英语听力理解中的推理与关联

20世纪80年代,作为认知语用学的理论基础——关联理论,提出了这样的假设:人们理解话语就是在推理中选择最合适语境,并求得话语与语境之间的关联性,以获取语境效果。作者运用这一理论尝试探讨英语听力教学中学习者语言理解的过程。以全国大学英语四级水平测试中听力理解部分全真试题为语料,说明关联理论对英语听力理解的阐释力。认为听力教学中可以运用认知语用学中的关联理论培养学生在语境假设中寻找推理依据以获取语境效果的能力,以此提高学生理解交际话语的理解能力。     

论马克思关于跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”设想理论的意义与启示

由于落后国家在建设社会主义过程中经历了一些曲折,也走了一段弯路,甚至出现严重的暂时倒退,近年来国内理论界对马克思关于跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”设想理论的伟大意义及其重大的理论价值争论不休甚至提出怀疑。事实上,这一理论的提出具有重要的历史意义和现实意义。研究这一理论,对于我们深化对中国社会主义革命,必然性和社会主义建设规律性的理解,正确认识中国社会主义本质及其发展,具有重大的启示。     

Admissibility in Games1

Suppose that each player in a game is rational, each player thinks the other players are rational, and so on. Also, suppose that rationality is taken to incorporate an admissibility requirement—that is, the avoidance of weakly dominated strategies. Which strategies can be played? We provide an epistemic framework in which to address this question. Specifically, we formulate conditions of rationality and mth‐order assumption of rationality (RmAR) and rationality and common assumption of rationality (RCAR). We show that (i) RCAR is characterized by a solution concept we call a “self‐admissible set”; (ii) in a “complete” type structure, RmAR is characterized by the set of strategies that survive m+1 rounds of elimination of inadmissible strategies; (iii) under certain conditions, RCAR is impossible in a complete structure.