词汇研究新趋势与英汉词汇对比研究的方法和内容

经过100多年的演变和发展,现代语言学研究取得了丰硕的成果,对词汇研究产生了巨大的影响。为适应词汇研究的新趋势,现代英汉词汇对比研究应突破传统的窠臼,找准确有可比性的研究对象,在理论和方法上显示现代哲学、现代语言学、现代语义学和数理语言学的特色。     

当代环境文化建设的理论变革及其发展趋势

人类的环境文化表征着人与自然之间相互关系变迁的整个过程。面对近现代以来被扭曲和异化的环境文化,当代环境文化正在进行理论变革。必须全面推进可持续发展战略,转变工业生产方式、经济增长模式和人们生活方式,从而建立起人与自然协同进化、促进环境公平和实现生态现代化的当代新型环境文化。     

Myths and realities about input subsidies in sub‐Saharan Africa

Using a recent public expenditure dataset, this article proposes a ‘reality check’ of the level and composition of input subsidies in nine African countries between 2006 and 2013. Results show that input subsidies (1) received close to 35% of agricultural‐specific expenditure on average and (2) cover a variety of interventions, including investments in capital, such as on‐farm irrigation, and in on‐farm services, such as inspection or training. Further, the figures show that input subsidies tended to become entrenched in agricultural budgets over time, leading to sub‐optimal execution rates, and were primarily funded by the national taxpayer, while donors invested more in public goods. Findings confirm that input subsidies crowded out other spending categories likely to be more supportive of long‐term agricultural development objectives. The article concludes that the political economy of input subsidies should be directed to making more concrete efforts to attain a better balance of public expenditure on agriculture. Furthermore, policy‐makers should aim to increase the efficiency and policy coherence of input subsidies, since merely abolishing them is likely to be unfeasible in the short term.     

Couple Longevity in the Era of Same‐Sex Marriage in the United States

The author used a new longitudinal data set, the How Couples Meet and Stay Together surveys (N = 3,009), to generate the first nationally representative comparison of same‐sex couple stability and heterosexual couple stability in the United States. He measured the association between marriage (by several definitions of marriage) and couple longevity for same‐sex couples in the United States. Reports of same‐sex relationship instability in the past were due in part to the low rate of marriages among same‐sex couples. After controlling for marriage and marriage‐like commitments, the break‐up rate for same‐sex couples was comparable to (and not statistically distinguishable from) the break‐up rate for heterosexual couples. The results revealed that same‐sex couples who had a marriage‐like commitment had stable unions regardless of government recognition. A variety of predictors of relationship dissolution for heterosexual and for same‐sex couples are explored.     

战国四公子风范及其性格探微

战国时期，群雄割据，连年混战，政局动荡。为了达到强大自己并统一天下的目的，各诸侯国对人才的需要极度膨胀，而这一时期，以好客喜士而闻名的四公子，即齐国孟尝君、赵国平原君、魏国信陵君、楚国春申君，为其所处诸侯国的人才储备与供应做了巨大贡献。司马迁在《史记》中对四公子的行径描述详细。在这里，分别从“四公子何以进入《史记》”“四公子之好客”“四公子之疏误…‘从生活环境窥探四公子的性格”和“太史公笔下的四公子”等方面浅显解析战国四公子之异同。     

The Decoupling of Social Policy Reforms in Romania

Social reforms in Romania have been, from the beginning of the 1990s and throughout the EU post‐accession phase, the battlefield for many domestic and international actors. The article identifies, from an historical institutionalist perspective, the international actors who decisively influenced reforms of social protection in Romania during the transition, with a special emphasis on the EU pre‐ and post‐accession stages. Further, the article attempts to understand the impact of the various external influences on the sustainability and effectiveness of domestic reforms, by assessing the convergence, or the decoupling, between the rationales – i.e. ideologies and values – that explicitly grounded social reforms in Romania and the domestic public rhetoric on social risks and values. Answers to these questions can provide important insights in regard to both the impact of the EU upon new member states and the challenges of EU enlargement for the EU and its core member states.     

Neo‐liberalism by Decay? The Evolution of the Czech Welfare State

In this article we analyse the evolution of the Czech welfare state and we examine the factors explaining its path. We show that although the Czech welfare regime exhibits a 'mixed profile' that includes conservative and universalist elements, it is increasingly moving in a more liberal, residualist direction – not because of conscious steps but rather through decay. Governments have often zig-zagged in their policies and resorted to symbolic reforms at times rather than implementing ideologically based, consistent policies. We argue that historical and sociological institutionalism combined with a social-capital approach can explain this decay better than the more common arguments about economic pressures combined with ideological hegemony or the protest-avoidance strategy. In particular, the social capital approach adds to our institutional framework by explaining why cutbacks in welfare programmes have not met much opposition, even though public opinion surveys consistently show support for more generous welfare policies, and why policies have deviated so much from political rhetoric.     

全球化与民族关系研究

我们思考当今世界各国的民族关系,很难脱离全球化这个宏观历史背景。今天我们研究一国内部的民族关系时,已不可能忽视境外政治、经济、文化、宗教因素对该国民族关系的影响。面对全球化浪潮中西方政治理念、经济制度与意识形态在其他国家的扩散,各国的传统制度和文化将必然会受到很大的冲击,各国对外来文化也势必出现反弹,以提倡本国传统的"复兴"来与外来文化相抗衡。因此全球化与各国的本土化实际上是两个并行的潮流。全球化的扩散是不可抗拒的,本土化的反弹是不可避免的。我们在思考中国民族问题时,应借鉴中国历史和其他国家在处理民族关系方面的经验。     

范文澜及其《中国经学史的演变》的理论启示

范文澜先生既是马克思主义史家,也是马克思主义经学家,他在延安时期通过《中国通史简编》所形成的史学理论不仅指导了后来的马克思主义史学的发展,还在实践上回答了马克思主义者应如何进行经学史研究,即要坚持世界物质统一性原理、坚持斗争是经学发展的动力、坚持实事求是原则、坚持辩证思维方法等。这些史学理论指导经学研究的理论意义,对我们今天实现经学史的创造性转化、创新性发展仍有着重要的启迪意义。     

论司马迁对先秦仁学的继承和改造

仁学思想是儒家道德哲学体系中的核心思想。司马迁通过历史研究,认识到了"仁"在治国安邦中的作用,于是对先秦仁学,特别是孔、孟仁学进行了批判性的继承和改造,孔子的仁学思想更是成为了他撰写《史记》、品评历代帝王的重要指导思想。本文将从《史记》入手,论述司马迁对先秦仁学的扬弃,并分析其伟大的历史意义和对当今构建和谐社会的借鉴价值。