论风险投资民间筹资的可能性

以高科技为代表的知识经济的来临,呼唤风险投资。我国的风险投资方兴未艾,但风险资金主要来自于政府,非政府资金相对较少,由此造成我国风险资金的不足并日益成为我国科技成果转化为生产力的"瓶颈"。与此同时,我国居民储蓄余额每年却以30%的速度递增。对此,应借鉴国外实际运作经验,通过民间储蓄来筹集我国的风险资金,这就要求转变我国居民观念、培育筹资环境体系和确立合适的筹资模式,在这些方面,政府还有许多工作要做。     

农地制度变迁的机理与合约分析：生产队制和家庭联产承包责任制

家庭联产承包责任制在农业生产上的高能激励自农地制度变革以来一直被学界所推崇,但这并不意味着生产队制的低效率。为此,在否定以生产队制低效率作为农地制度变迁的解释的基础上,从发展战略转换、制度安排缺陷、农民信念及其他方面尝试性地探讨了推动生产队制向家庭联产承包责任制变迁的内在原因,并且从生产责任制形式、土地分配方式、期限结构等方面详细阐述了家庭联产承包责任制向农业产出最大化演化的过程。相应地,伴随着农地制度变迁而来的是签约主体以及合约结构的变动,因此,从合约的角度进一步研究了生产队制与家庭联产承包责任制在合约实施和劳动监督与计量上的差别,以及作为二者共同之处的合约模糊性特征,并在此基础上对家庭联产承包责任制下税费合约的性质与形式进行了具体的分析。     

论我国利率市场化：—现状、条件

首先对我国的利率市场化作定性描述,指出我国目前存在管制利率、市场利率和灰色利率三种利率,然后采用实证研究的方法, 运用TSP软件软件包,对我国利率的市场化程度进行分析,指出储蓄和投资对利率的无弹性并分析其原因,逆向概括出我国利率市场化的五个条件：金融深化和金融资产高度、居民消费市场化、建立现代企业制度、信用制度硬化、政府管理利率职能的转化。     

合同能源管理民事纠纷的解决路径思考——基于“十三五”期间合同能源管理案件的类案分析

我国《国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》对合同能源管理进行了充分肯定。合同能源管理的专业化、市场化有助于提升节能效率。但是,合同能源管理民事纠纷在“十三五”期间呈持续增加态势,严重影响了合同能源管理项目的实施。通过梳理和分析312个有效案例,发现我国合同能源管理存在节能量核定主体不明确、用能方不履行给付合同款项义务、用能方滥用合同解除权、长期性导致合同难以完全履行等问题。为了实现“十四五”期间的节能目标,应当通过明确节能量核定主体及其义务、强化合同款项支付约束机制、完善合同解除适用规范、克服长期性引发的合同风险等措施,有效解决合同能源管理民事纠纷,积极促进合同能源管理的推广实施。     

户籍制度利益分配功能的形成及改革思路探讨

中国特殊的社会经济政策导致户籍制度异化为社会利益分配机制。随着社会经济政策的转变,户籍制度的利益分配功能在改革开放前后具有不同的特点。户籍制度改革必须以社会经济政策的整体调整为先导,以转换政府职能为切入点。而社会经济政策的调整必须考虑社会利益集团的利益刚性和利益博弈,走一条渐进改革的路径。     

Household structure and consumption insurance of the elderly

This paper examines the role of household formation in providing consumption insurance to the elderly. Using data from the Consumer Expenditure Surveys, raw tabulations of per adult equivalent consumption indicate that the elderly who live alone have higher levels of well-being relative to those who live with others. This is misleading, however, because the decision to live alone is clearly endogenous. The empirical estimation accounts for this endogeneity using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. The results provide evidence that household formation plays a significant role in maintaining consumption levels. Without the opportunity to live with others, the welfare gap measured by the difference between per adult equivalent consumption levels of dependent and independent livers would be even larger. These findings suggest that co-residing with others effectively supplements social security, pensions, and private savings and helps the elderly to smooth consumption in old age.

Perceived facilitators and barriers to saving among low-income youth

Asset-based social welfare programs focus on helping low- to moderate-income citizens to accumulate wealth in the form of homeownership, savings, small businesses, and higher education. Individual development accounts, savings accounts in which account holders’ deposits are matched, are a vehicle often used in these programs. In a national demonstration of individual development accounts for children (children's savings accounts), low-income youth were interviewed to learn what helped them to save and what made it difficult to save. We describe the young people's perceptions of these factors, and conclude with implications for policy and program design.     

An Exploratory Study of Financial Remittances Among Non-Resident Indians in the United States

Remittances by immigrants and temporary workers of Indian origin in industrialized countries are a growing part of India’s economy. In this exploratory study we examine the social and economic characteristics affecting the remittance pattern of working households (or families) of Indian origin residing in the United States. As most previous studies have been undertaken at the macroeconomic level, our main contribution lies in identifying the household level factors that may influence remittances. Using an online and a mail-in survey of 39 households we find some of the significant factors affecting remittances. We also validate some of the remittance-related policies of the Indian government.

医疗保险对农村居民家庭消费的影响分析--基于不同收入层级的跨地区比较

利用2009、2010农村固定观察点数据,分析了医疗保险对不同地区、不同收入层级的农村居民家庭医疗消费支出和非医疗消费支出的影响。实证结果表明：医疗保险对农村居民家庭的医疗类消费不存在显著影响,对非医疗类消费支出则存在显著的正向促进作用。分地区来看,医疗保险对东西部地区农村居民家庭医疗类消费的影响差异显著,对东中部地区农村居民家庭非医疗类消费支出的影响同样差异显著;分收入层级来看,医疗保险对家庭医疗类消费的影响在不同收入层级的农村居民家庭之间不存在显著差异,但对非医疗类消费支出的影响在不同收入层级之间差异显著。此外,商业医疗保险作为医疗保险体系的重要组成部分,对促进农村消费起到带动作用。最后,本文从加大政府补贴和完善保障机制两个方面提出政策建议以期有效降低农村居民家庭超常的预防性储蓄,促进农村居民家庭消费。     

Material hardship and 529 college savings plan participation: The mitigating effects of Child Development Accounts

Experience of material hardship can adversely affect a family’s ability to make long-term investments in children’s development. We examine whether material hardship is associated with one indicator of such investments: participation in a tax-advantaged college savings plan (529 plan). Data for this study come from the SEED for Oklahoma Kids (SEED OK) experiment, an intervention that offers Child Development Accounts with financial incentives to encourage the accumulation of college savings for children from the time of their birth. Results show that material hardship is negatively associated with 529-plan participation, and this association varies by treatment status. At all levels of material hardship, treatment-group mothers are more likely to hold accounts than control-group mothers. These findings suggest that CDAs can be a useful policy tool to support families’ financial preparation for college.