Holistic trajectories: a study of combined employment, housing and family careers by using multiple-sequence analysis

Summary.  Social science applications of sequence analysis have thus far involved the development of a typology on the basis of an analysis of one or two variables which have had a relatively low number of different states. There is a yet unexplored potential for sequence analysis to be applied to a greater number of variables and thereby a much larger state space. The development of a typology of employment experiences, for example, without reference to data on changes in housing, marital and family status is arguably inadequate. The paper demonstrates the use of sequence analysis in the examination of multivariable combinations of status as they change over time and shows that this method can provide insights that are difficult to achieve through other analytic methods. The data that are examined here provide support to intuitive understandings of clusters of common experiences which are both life course specific and related to socio-economic factors. Housing tenure is found to be of key importance in understanding the holistic trajectories that are examined. This suggests that life course trajectories are sharply differentiated by experience of social housing.     

正确认识图书馆员与读者的关系

为读者服务是图书馆的历史使命，图书馆员的工作永远是为读者服务。从图书馆的建设目标阐述了读者与图书馆的关系，针对有学者提出的以“图书馆员第一”取代“读者第一”的观点进行了讨论，并认为“读者第一”的观点永远不能动摇。     

莫泊桑短篇小说中的第一人称叙述

莫泊桑的短篇小说堪称一绝,在叙事上独具特色。与其他现实主义作家不同,莫泊桑喜欢采用第一人称叙述,他笔下的叙述者"我"并非都是全知全能,大部分叙述者权利有限。更为独特的是,他在这类作品中首创的叙述分层的手法,使得人物成一种对话关系。他对叙述者权利的限制使得作品意义留有空白。叙述语调的中立要求读者积极参与作品意义的建构,这极大增强了短篇小说的可读性,也使他的作品带有现代主义的气息。     

顾客第一论

“顾客第一”有其特定的内涵,它充分体现社会主义企业的根本目的,因而是企业所有经营观念中的一个根本性观念,也是企业生产经营的一个根本指导思想。企业要实现其双重目的,促进物质文明和精神文明建设的发展,并树立各种现代经营观念,就必须坚持顾客第一。     

PSS码词组输入法及教学实践

本文介绍了PSS码（拼音、声调、首笔码）汉字输入法的词组编码及输入方法,并总结了PSS码作为一门选修课的教学效果。     

Cohort Succession in the US Housing Market: New Houses, the Baby Boom, and Income Stratification

Federal housing policy in the US across the postwar period supported the construction of new houses more than public provision or renovation of older structures as a means of ensuring a sufficient supply of quality dwellings. Understanding trends in new housing in particular is thus crucial to understanding the housing regime. Following Myers (Housing demography: Linking demographic structure and housing markets. University of Wisconsin Press, 1990; Housing Studies, 14, 473–490,1999), this paper conceptualizes historical change in the housing stock within a demographic framework as the movement of cohorts of households through cohorts of housing stock. Recent evidence suggests that a new cohort of houses arose in the 1980s and 1990s (larger with more amenities than past vintages), and that buyers of those new houses were increasingly affluent. In this paper, I link the succession to a new cohort of houses to household cohort succession and examine the increasing affluence of new house buyers by age and cohort, focusing especially on the entry of the Baby Boom generation exactly when the new cohort of houses arrived. I use US Census microdata for 1960–2000 to develop a cohort longitudinal dataset, and analyze historical change in stratification in new house ownership. I find significant shifts between cohorts in income inequality among new house buyers, with implications for the capacity of the housing regime to meet the future needs of an increasingly diverse population.

美苏对德政策与第一次柏林危机的缘起

第一次柏林危机是美苏冷战的产物,也是冷战起源问题研究中的重要课题。尽管苏联封锁柏林的行动直接挑起了危机对抗,但从战后国际格局转换的整体视角看,危机的缘起与战后初期美苏关系的变化和两国对德政策的演进之间存在着密切的逻辑关联。可以说,这次危机是战后初期美苏两国从盟友向对手转变过程中,围绕着如何处置德国问题而产生矛盾冲突的必然结果。     

《噶玛巴为明太祖荐福图》回回文初探

13世纪波斯语成为在中国生根的一种外语、一种少数民族(即回回人)的族内共同语言,也是中国对外交往,特别是与伊斯兰文化圈的国际交际语言。明朝建立之后,承续元朝传统,波斯语不仅继续成为明朝与外国交流的语言,而且在国内政治生活中仍然起着重要作用,于是兼通汉回两种语言的回回人受到重视。①波斯文就是在这样一种背景之下,成为书写《荐福图》的五种文字之一。     

中国农村少数民族与汉族居民住房实证分析

本文结合中国2000年人口普查家庭住房资料,采用定量指标体系,从数量(人均建筑面积)和质量(住房结构、建筑材料及配套设施),对我国农村的少数民族和汉族住房进行了对比分析.同时利用Logistic回归模型,从农村家庭户主的民族成分、受教育程度、家庭规模、居住的地域差异等方面进行了微观研究,探讨了影响住房差距的因素,并提出了相应政策建议.     

Analysis of some ruin-related quantities in a Markov-modulated risk model

In this paper, we study the joint Laplace transform and probability generating function of some random quantities that occur in each environment state by the time of ruin in a Markov-modulated risk process. These quantities include the duration spent in each state, the number of claims and the aggregate amount of claims that occurred in each state by the time of ruin. Explicit formulae for the joint transforms, given the initial surplus, and the initial and terminal environment states, are expressed in terms of a matrix version of the scale function. Moments and covariances of these ruin-related quantities are obtained and numerical illustrations are presented. The joint transform of the duration spent in each state, the number of claims, and the aggregate amount of claims that occurred in each state by the time the surplus attains a certain level are also investigated.