股东至上论质疑

企业的不完全契约理论不是根据企业性质的变迁来解释真实的企业世界,只是充当了一个论证“股东至上”的工具。以新制度经济学为基础、物质所有权至上的主流企业理论,由于其逻辑上的内在缺陷,其理论假设和实际应用等方面,越来越遭受到了多方面的挑战、质疑和批判。本文从理论和实践两个方面进行分析和论证,认为随着上市公司中所有权和控制权的分离,在绝大多数情形下,股东并不负责管理公司,也不提供资本或接受负债,没有理由保有对企业所创造的大部分财富的所有权。将劳动者们劳动创造的绝大部分分给投机者们,这其实是违反了市场原则。只有把财富和利润分到它的创造者手中的时候,效率才能得到最大化的满足。     

Distributional properties of simpson's index of diversity

Closed expressions for the first four moments of Simpson's index of diversity are derived using techniaues suggested by Haldane (1937). As the samole size increases the behavior of the skewness and kurtosis is studied for several Dopulations with varying degrees of diversity, If the populationproportions decrease accordinq to a geometric progression, graphs of β₁and β₂ indicate that convergence to normality in general is more rapid for populations which are less diverse.     

Teaching Human Development: Current Theoretical Deficits and a Theory-Enriched “Models,Metaphors, and Maps” Remedy

Contemporary social work education in the area of human development is anemic. There is too little coverage of the theoretical frameworks, models, theorists, competencies, and functions necessary to prepare students for careers that apply developmental science. This premise is supported by a content analysis of 12 human development textbooks and 44 course outlines. Three major strategies—teaching by models, teaching by metaphors, and teaching by maps—are described as methods for enriching human development education. Four alternatives for including theoretical content are also offered.     

价值取向多元化时代的榜样教育

价值取向日益多元化的今天,对榜样教育提出了严峻的挑战。它要求对各种价值观念进行整合,实现主体价值、主导价值和主流价值的统一。另外,在具体措施上,榜样教育应该更加灵活多样。     

The rights of the child enabling community development to contribute to a valid social work practice with children at risk

This paper presents a way of thinking about and doing child protection work using community development (CD) principles to guide practice. It suggests that a useful addition to CD can be found within the rights of the child provisions in Human Rights conventions. Using examples from the authors' three countries to illustrate the work that practitioners do in their work with children at risk, we argue that social work practice can be enhanced by the inclusion of these principles and practices which are essentially core generic social work practice. However, much of social work with the protection of children is bound by ‘risk’ perceptions which result in investigatory approaches being used as a first action, often to the exclusion of preventive approaches. This article demonstrates that in very different situations from different environments, CD in concert with the principles of the rights of the child can assist good outcomes with children at risk. A model is presented for unifying the worldview of human/children's rights with social work's core concern, the protection of children, using generic social work skills.     

后现代主义及其对心理学的影响

后现代主义既是历史上最复杂的文化思潮,也是特定的历史状况,它同时具有激进、建设和庸俗三种形态.后现代主义反对追求"普识性真理", 认为这是不可能达到的目标;关注意义和公平;后现代性是现代性的继续与重写,现代性与后现代性是辩证的统一.它促进了对心理学学科性质的完整把握,促进了心理学研究方法的多元化、研究内容的本土化和研究倾向的积极化.     

"庖丁解牛"新解

对"庖丁解牛"的解说,历来多未得其真,这主要是因为对庖丁所说的"三年"、"十九年"两个数字的不理解。经辨析,《庄子》中此两数字来源于中国古代历法知识,这是理解"解牛"之旨的关键所在,文惠君所得之意亦由此出。此两数字是用来讲明道修道的工夫,庄子借此"道数"以表达其养生之主旨及其天人思想。     

从洛克到罗尔斯：人权正当性的历史证成与价值证成

《世界人权宣言》等文件宣布人权是“固有”的，这种观念来自古典自然法学派的理论。古典自然法学派的代表人物洛克用历史的、经验的方法来证成人权的“固有”属性，但由于不符合历史和经验的真实而倍受指责；当代哲学家罗尔斯则用价值的、逻辑的方法来证成人权的“应有”性。实际上被宣布为人权的那些基本权利是近代以来越来越被人类普遍认同的基本价值。     

实践性、地方性与文化多样性——科学实践哲学视域下的中医学

中西医学是人类在各自文化背景下形成的不同风格的知识体系,它们带有自身的文化烙印。因此,在西方科学主义和西方现代医学占据主流的今天,倘若我们跳出科学主义的窠臼并进行视域的转换,我们就不会在中医科学性的问题上一直争论不休。在科学实践哲学的视域下,我们可从＂实践性＂、＂地方性＂、＂文化多样性＂等维度阐释中医学所具有的不同特征。中医学其实是不同于西方医学的另一种描述世界并与其打交道的有效方式,是另一种科学文化的范式。     

学生语言综合能力的培养

本文探讨了如何改革以教师为中心的传统教学法,使外语教学走上与时俱进的新路—以学生为中心,注重培养学生的语言综合能力,使学生成为符合时代要求的外语人才。