WTO冲击政府问题与政府职能的转变

要从WTO中受益,政府必须面对WTO带来的第一轮冲击波问题,这些问题与国民待遇要求为核心.要求透明,要求公平竞争的市场环境,必须转变政府职能方可从容应对.重点在于经济管理的法制化进程,政府宏观调控经济手段的合理化进程.政府行为及行政方式规范化进程的不断深入与安全提速.     

Video–based observation in impact evaluation

This paper reviews the literature on the use of video–based observation (VBO) with particular attention to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) on development projects. While the use of video both as a research tool and as a strategy for supporting professional development is well–documented across several disciplines, the extent to which VBO has been utilized in M&E contexts is less clearly defined. In order to provide theoretically–grounded recommendations for the development and implementation of one organisation’s innovative VBO impact evaluation scheme, this review examines recent evidence of VBO in M&E contexts and draws on VBO literature more generally to identify its advantages and challenges together with advice for enhancing its effectiveness. Based on this analysis, the paper highlights a number of practical issues that should be considered when VBO is being developed for M&E in development contexts, particularly where videos are being made by participants themselves. The value of VBO in responding to COVID–19 and reducing carbon emissions is also noted.     

新生代农民工市民化意愿的影响因素分析——基于广东省三市的调查

通过对广州、深圳、东莞三市外出务工人员的调查数据,运用理性选择理论,分析了新生代农民工市民化意愿及其影响因素。结果发现,年龄、性别、受教育程度和月收入都对新生代农民工的市民化意愿产生了影响;是否在城市购买住房、城市融入感和自我身份认同也影响了新生代农民工的市民化决策;购买城市社会保险显著提高市民化意愿。而务农经历、婚姻状况和是否获得技术等级证书则未对其市民化意愿产生影响。     

大学生宗教信仰影响因素分析——基于山东省六所高校的实证调查

文章基于山东省六所高校的调查数据,采用二元逻辑回归模型,利用统计软件对大学生宗教信仰影响因素进行实证分析,结果表明：民族、家庭成员信仰状态、周围人群信仰状况以及所在省份四项因素,对大学生宗教信仰状况有重要影响,其中家庭成员信仰状态和所在地区的影响最大。     

隐喻的认知机制:概念整合及影响隐喻构成的因素

本文首先概述了概念整合理论的基本内容和观点,并以实例分析了隐喻的认知机制是概念整合的四空间交互作用的语义认知模型和以心理空间为基础的相互关系、相互作用的认知过程;指出概念整合是一种普遍的认知活动,对隐喻具有强大的解释力。最后探讨了在概念整合框架下,影响隐喻阐释的因素。     

城乡收入差距影响因素的理论与实证研究

在新经济增长理论的框架下考察可能影响城乡收入差距的因素。基于1997-2003年间省级面板数据的估计结果显示,城乡间人均物质资本存量和人均人力资本存量差距是拉大城乡收入差距的因素。而用来反映城乡二元经济结构的指标中,用人口户籍变换来表示的城市化水平的发展也会扩大城乡收入差距,农村劳动力的流动对降低城乡收入差距有显著作用;城乡有别的财政支出结构也对城乡收入差距有显著影响。     

移动互联时代的虚拟社会管理机制的建构

移动互联时代崛起中的虚拟社会管理机制建构,是适应理论研究与实践应用需要的应然选择。其中,既要从现代舆情视角出发,对虚拟社会管理机制的概念与内涵进行阐释,亦应厘清管理主体、管理服务对象、工作规章和操作方法等要素;同时,还需对组织合作机制、汇集分析机制、沟通互动机制及管控引导机制等四大子机制进行系统分析。     

Psychosocial work environment and mental health among travelling salespeople

Travelling salespeople have a rather unusual working environment, with long periods of absence from their firm and a low level of social contacts with colleagues. Furthermore, they are exposed to high demands in their work, which may conflict with a normal family life. In this paper a cross-sectional study of psychosocial work environment and mental health of Danish travelling salespeople is described. A sample of 1,306 travelling salespeople filled in a questionnaire (response rate 68%). The results indicate that poor mental health is associated with a number of demand indicators: number of working hours per week, number of customers per week, non-day work, and a high level of perceived job demands. On the other hand, the number of hours spent with customers per week is positively associated with mental health. The authors did not find the expected associations between poor mental health and several factors such as number of hours away from firm, nights away from home, and a low degree of perceived support from colleagues and superiors. It is concluded that the main stressors of travelling salespeople are long working hours, many customers, non-day work and high perceived psychological demands in general.     

Stimulating lifelong professional growth by guiding job characteristics

This article reports some findings from a broader study concerning the development of professional expertise. The aim of the part that is described in this article was to find out whether certain job-related factors situated in the domain of socio-technical systems design (STSD), that is, control capacity, job satisfaction, and learning value of the job, influence the development of professional knowledge, skills, and capabilities throughout the career. The sample consisted of 559 middle- and higher-level employees working in eight large Dutch companies. Theoretical contributions from learning theory, human resource management and work, and organizational psychology are used to conceptualize the phenomenon of professional expertise and to develop a theory of expertise development in careers. By providing insight into the relationships between several job-related factors, on the one hand, and the development of professional expertise, on the other, this research is intended to contribute to theory building in adult development and learning. Influential job characteristics that are situated in the domain of STSD seem to be of high importance in view of a further human resource development. Paying close attention to an individual's job and its content is indispensable in order to guide growth throughout the career and to enable life-long development of professional expertise.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.