企业技术创新中的政府行为:诱因、动机及其耦合

企业技术创新行为的产生主要依赖于两种外部机制作用的激发,一是市场机制,二是政府的宏观调控机制。由于市场作用的发挥是一个长期渐变的过程,因此,更应强化政府政策安排对企业技术创新的激励和支持作用。政府行为的产生过程是政府行为动机受到强烈激发的结果,而政府行为动机又是外界环境刺激产生相应内在需求的作用结果。政府行为动机的强烈程度取决于发展＂低碳经济＂、实现向服务型政府转变的需求,构建国家创新体系协同机制的需求以及适应产业技术创新战略联盟的需求和完善企业技术创新社会环境的需求。一个政府往往同时存在多种行为动机,而且会有矛盾和斗争,但对政府行为起支配作用的则是优势动机。政府行为动机与行为表现之间存在各种不确定的耦合关系。     

“博士”的历史语用学探析

汉语中的“博士”一词自战国时期产生起,其词义、用法不断变迁。现代我国沿用了欧美的学位制度,博士指学位的最高一级。在日常生活中,由于语用因素和语言使用者的认知思维影响,博士一词不断衍生出新的意义。从历史语用学的角度,分析博士一词从古至今在词义、用法上的演变及其动因和机制。象似性、社会文化、语言习得及交际双方的策略性互动成为博士词义演变的动因;类推、回溯推理、外借和语境义固化与消失是词义演变的重要机制。     

产业集聚的原动力与广西产业集群的培育策略研究

产业集聚的原动力来自于产业转移的外向型拉动和内源性产业集聚的自然禀赋。广西的产业集群培育还存在一些不足之处,主要表现在产业集群的培育没有完全依托广西的资源禀赋,而在承接东部产业转移时也没有充分地与当地的资源优势相结合。广西产业集群的培育策略应该依托产业禀赋优势,并结合产业集聚的两种原动力。政府应靠市场无形之手培育产业集群。     

Are Overall Journal Rankings a Good Mapping for Article Quality in Specialty Fields?

Overall journal rankings, which are generated with sample articles in different research fields, are commonly used to measure the research productivity of academic economists. In this article, we investigate a growing concern in the profession that the use of the overall journal rankings to evaluate scholars’ relative research productivity may exhibit a downward bias toward researchers in some specialty fields if their respective field journals are under-ranked in the overall journals rankings. To address this concern, we constructed new journal rankings based on the intellectual influence of research in 8 specialty fields using a sample consisting of 26,401 articles published across 60 economics journals from 1998 to 2007. We made various comparisons between the newly constructed journal rankings in specialty fields and the traditional overall journal ranking. Our results show that the overall journal ranking provides a considerably good mapping for the article quality in specialty fields. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

多维语义与线性翻译

本文把神经认知语言学中关于意义生成和理解的理论和翻译实践联系起来,指出翻译中的理解和表达的实质在于前者是译者通过解读语言文字符号还原出原文的表述动机和多维语义图式,后者正好相反,译者把理解阶段解读出的这些表述动机和多维语义图式转换成内部语言,并现实地输出为扩展性的外部译文。     

社会交换视角下佛教慈善组织发展动力机制研究——以台湾佛教慈济基金会为例

本文以当代华人社会最为成功的慈善团体之一的台湾佛教慈济基金会以下简称：慈济为研究案例,运用社会交换理论研究慈济的发展动力机制,发现社会交换所产生的“合法性机制”和社会需求的变迁是其发展动力机制的核心,“合法性机制”和需求变迁促使慈济不断根据变迁的制度环境进行自我调适以适应社会发展的要求,进而成为台湾民间慈善组织的翘楚。慈济成功的运作模式可以为大陆地区慈善团体的发展提供经验参考。     

The Causal Impact of Resistance: Mediating between Resistance and Internal Conversation about Resistance

Current literature on resistance focuses on the elements of action and opposition as its main components. However, when we use the term resistance we are not necessarily referring exclusively to the active expression of opposition, but could also be referring to discussions about such events or to stimuli that may cause these acts. Thus resistance, for the purposes of this study, is perceived in terms of action, external conversation and stimuli, and it is argued that these external characteristics may be further processed through deliberation and internal conversations about resistance. An exploratory empirical study revealed inner aspects of resistance, and examined whether internal conversations about resistance could actually be experienced by agents. This article further supports the argument that, as individuals produce internal conversations about resistance, they may end by following one of the suggested options: they may keep their internal conversations unspoken, or produce a course of action related to resistance (and identified as such), or they may produce external conversations about resistance, or they may end by producing resistance that is not recognisable (to others) as such. In all these cases, internal conversations about resistance are involved and it is therefore argued that the causal impact of resistance may derive from agential processes and powers as well as from action, stimuli or external conversations related to resistance.     

我国乡镇企业养老保险的困境及对策研究

与乡镇企业产权制度改革相比,乡镇企业养老保险制度建设目前处于改革边缘化的状态,乡镇企业养老保障制度发育的迟缓已制约乡镇企业现代企业制度建立的步伐,这种现状亟待改变。我国乡镇企业养老保险发展缓慢的主要原因在于政府对建立和发展乡镇企业养老保险制度存在疑虑和障碍、企业内在动力的不足和有效制度的缺失。因此,加快乡镇企业养老保险制度的建设,一是有赖于政府职能的转变和政府责任意识的确立;二是要增强和提升企业参与养老保险的内在动力;三是要提供适宜有效的制度安排。     

Techniques For Developing Health Quality of Life Scales for Point of Service Use

Clinical and health policy research frequently involves health status measurement using generic or disease specific instruments. These instruments are generally developed to arrive at several scales, each measuring a distinct domain of health quality of life (HQOL). Clinical settings are starting to explore how to integrate patient perspectives of HQOL outcomes into patient care. However, the length of many HQOL instruments poses a challenge in terms of patient burden, as well as clinic flow time. The most popular paradigm for scale construction utilizes classical test theory methodology and can lead to excessive and redundant items in an effort to bolster reliability measurements such as Cronbach’s alpha above levels of accepted reliability. This paper presents techniques for utilizing item response theory to arrive at single item scales that are diagnostically informative and short enough to have clinical utility. A danger of such dramatic scale reduction is that validity might be compromised. This danger is addressed in terms of criterion related validity and sensitivity to clinical changes over a 36 months period. The reduction methods are illustrated using selected scales from the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) with data obtained from the study Pharmaceutical Care Outcomes: The Patient Role (PCOPR).     

预防性储蓄动机强度的地区差异分析——基于海南省农村居民的研究（1990—2008）

采用Dnyna的预防性储蓄模型和固定效应-工具变量法（FE-IV）对海南省农村居民1990—2008年的预防性储蓄动机强度及其地区差异进行了估计。研究发现：1.海南省农村居民存在明显的预防性储蓄动机,强度高于海南省城镇居民的水平,但远低于全国农村居民的平均水平;2.海南省不同收入地区的农村居民的预防性储蓄动机强度差别不大,没有出现＂居民收入越低,预防性储蓄动机越强＂的规律;3.提高人均GDP水平和城镇化率都不能有效降低海南省农村居民的预防性储蓄水平。