Outsourcing vs. in-house production: a comparison of supply chain contracts with effort dependent demand

We analyze the effort and pricing decisions in a two facility supply chain in which one of the parties can exert costly effort to increase demand. We consider an outsourcing model in which the supplier makes the effort decision and an in-house production model in which the manufacturer decides on the effort level and we compare these two models with each other. We analyze and compare several contracts for decentralized supply chain models and we aim to find which contracts are best to use in different cases. We find the optimal contract parameters in each case and perform extensive computational testing to compare the efficiencies of these contracts. We also analyze the effect of the powers of the parties in the system and the effect of system parameters on the performances of the contracts and on the optimal values of the model variables such as price, effort and demand.     

Municipal Groundwater Management: Optimal Allocation and Control of a Renewable Natural Resource

We study a municipal groundwater management problem to determine optimal allocation and control policies in the presence of water transfer opportunities. We establish and characterize threshold polices governing export or import decisions of a given municipality. In the spirit of the Triple Bottom Line (3BL), we ascertain that exporting (importing) water through a water market defined by an exogenous export/import price is detrimental (beneficial) to both society and the environment within the municipality. In contrast, fixed quantity trading between two municipalities defined by an endogenously negotiated export/import price can have positive as well as negative impacts from a global 3BL perspective. In particular, typical trading scenarios that occur between municipalities can be detrimental to the environment. We also study the implications of privatization, and find that a privatized municipality would be more (less) likely to export (import) water as compared to its non‐privatized counterpart, resulting in negative implications for society within the municipality. However, if exports are banned, privatization can benefit the environment by mitigating the damage caused by the extraction differential, a phenomenon analogous to the green paradox. Moreover, careful and restricted privatization of municipalities can lead to positive global 3BL impacts from fixed quantity trading.     

Poverty Reduction: The Missing Piece of Pension Reform in Latin America

Employment‐based pension plans constitute the main form of pension provision in Latin America. Although recent pension reform in the region has focused on strengthening these, old‐age poverty remains high in most countries in the region, with older people over‐represented among the poor. The article argues that ensuring old‐age support for poor and vulnerable groups involves a different set of priorities and options for pension reform, namely a strong focus on tax‐financed public cash transfer programmes. Cash transfer programmes focused on poor older people are the missing piece of pension reform in the region. The article examines the experience of the handful of countries with such programmes in place, and draws the lessons for the future of social policy in the region.     

利益扩张型虚假城市化现象的激励机制探析

在国家实施城市化战略的进程中,地方政府以推进城市化为名,利用现有市制制度与相关政策的缺陷,有选择地进行掠夺性征地,将获取土地增殖的收益作为基本目标,逃避提供公共服务的职责,致使名义上实现城市化的农民,未能获取城市化的应有收益,难以获得城市居民对等的公共服务,造成城市化水平虚假提高,由于政府与民众的行为具有强烈的利益扩张冲动,概称之为利益扩张型虚假城市化现象。     

第一大股东持股和公司价值:激励效应和防御效应

本文以上海证券交易所的A股上市公司2003年和2004年的横截面数据为基础,计量了第一大股东持股与公司价值之间的经验关系,并考察了第一大股东持股对公司价值影响的区间特征.作者观察到,第一大股东对公司价值同时存在激励效应和防御效应,第一大股东持股与公司价值之间存在显著的三次非线性曲线关系.     

经理声誉考虑、任务关联性和长期报酬激励的效果研究

为研究如何激励经理努力提高企业未来业绩,假设经理承担着两项任务:声誉激励其提高企业当前业绩,报酬激励其提高未来业绩;在多任务委托代理模型框架下,本文研究了声誉和长期报酬对经理提高未来业绩的激励效果.本文把企业业绩分为当期业绩和长期(即未来)业绩,并假设委托人目标是长期企业业绩最大化,而不是当期业绩最大化.同时本文对经理努力成本函数的假设有重大改进:给出了经理长期和短期努力的具体的成本函数形式,考虑了两种任务即努力间的关联性情况,假设长期努力和当期努力有不同的成本系数.目前相关模型的成本函数最多只能满足以上三个条件中的前两个.因此,运用本文多任务委托代理模型分析得出的结论更明确、直观,并且更符合实际.本文发现,经理不同努力的成本、两项任务之间的关联性对经理的努力行为选择有重要的影响,要激励经理提高企业长期业绩,应该减少经理长期努力的成本或者弱化当期激励.     

Intra-company transfers: The government/corporate interface in the United Kingdom

This paper explores the role of intra-company transfers in the United Kingdom government's labour immigration policy over the last quarter century. It demonstrates their role in determining the number of non-European Economic Area foreigners working in the country and examines the way policy, both generally and specifically, has developed. It presents new statistical data and uses that evidence to examine the interplay between the government and multinational corporations in the determination of a significant element of foreign labour immigration. Its findings demonstrate that intra-company transfers have consistently played a major role in the management of UK labour immigration with a small number of occupations and countries of origin characterizing the system at various times. It concludes that the system has operated through a symbiotic relationship between government and major companies to the mutual benefit of both. However, ‘Brexit’ and the COVID-19 pandemic are leading to reassessment of political and corporate objectives.     

我国家族式企业制度创新的障碍——以兰州黄河企业集团公司为例

从黄河集团对家企分离的探索可以看到 ,我国家族式企业制度创新的主要障碍在于 :在所有权与控制权分离的过程中存在着巨大的代理风险 ,而相应的激励监督约束机制却严重滞后。对于家族式企业来讲 ,在外部机制的建立难以有较大作为的情况下 ,可以先逐步建立和完善内部机制 ,为向现代企业的转变作好准备