政府导向与社会科学的专业化——对中国社会科学专业化程度偏低的一种解释

中国社会科学各学科的专业化程度明显低于国际同类学科,而且,与国家政治越密切的学科,其专业化程度可能越低。导致中国社会科学的专业化程度较低的一个重要原因是,各个学科都需要向政府提供治理国家所需要的知识,即"治国知识"。在学科的发展上,提供治国知识与学科的专业化这两者之间可能是有冲突的,越是要求一个学科提供治国的知识,这个学科可能就越难以实现专业化。通过分析和比较国家社科基金各学科的《课题指南》所列条目,发现与国家政治联系越密切的学科,其面临的提供治国知识的压力也越大,因此,其专业化程度可能也越低。     

四川省推进新农村建设的几点认识

党的十六届五中全会审议并通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》中提出建设社会主义新农村是我国现代化进程中的重大历史任务,并纳入“十一五”国民经济和社会发展规划加以整体部署。文章总结了四川省部分地区新农村建设的经济效果,并总结了一些经验以供其他地区学习。     

面向对象的自动工艺设计系统

本文介绍一种面向对象的自动工艺设计系统.它采用分层分类方法搜集知识,以产生式规划和与或树结构完整地表达知识,利用规则匹配和深度优先搜索机制进行搜索推理,从而自动进行工艺设计,得到满意工艺规程.该系统设置的外部数据库和规则库,可由用户进行数据及规则的扩充与修改,因而具有较高柔性,可适用于各种环境下的工艺决策.     

The Effects of Knowledge Management on Team Members' Ratings of Project Success and Impact*

Many organizations are trying to improve the generation and utilization of knowledge. The activities associated with these efforts are identified as organizational knowledge management (KM). While much has been written about knowledge management from the organizational level, the success of such efforts over the long run will depend upon on how KM activities impact important outcomes as perceived by those at the employee level who actually implement the activities. This study used the input‐process‐output framework of team effectiveness to investigate the relationship between selected KM‐related activities on integrated product and process development team members' satisfaction with their project's success and the impact they expected it to have on the organization. The results indicate that team‐level leadership and support (i.e., inputs), along with knowledge generation and dissemination (i.e., processes), are key drivers of member performance‐related ratings (i.e., outputs). Finally, and possibly most importantly, a number of interactions were evident suggesting that the KM processes moderate the effects of the KM inputs. These findings and their implications are discussed.     

Marketing Is from Mars,IT Is from Venus: Aligning the Worldviews for Firm Performance

A typical firm is operated by multiple functional managers who may collaborate as well as compete to achieve firm performance. In the digital age, firm performance is essentially customer‐dependent and technology‐dependent, with both marketing and information technology (IT) playing key roles. Unfortunately the two functions often have very different worldviews. We show how these differences can damage firm performance, and suggest ways to mitigate this damage. We build a worldview difference model, synthesized from multiple disciplines. The model is tested using both matched and nonmatched observations from marketing and IT managers, and is analyzed with hierarchical linear models using both perceptual and objective firm performance data over a 4‐year period. We find that differences between the beliefs and perceptions of marketing managers and IT managers generate a negative impact on firm performance, and suggest appropriate technology‐culture associations to effectively align their worldviews for firm performance. To improve firm performance, a cross‐functional appreciation for market and technology drivers can be achieved by making marketing managers more learning‐oriented and by providing IT managers a culture that is congruent with technology.     

Integrating Knowledge through Information Trading: Examining the Relationship between Boundary Spanning Communication and Individual Performance*

With the global penetration of Internet technologies, individuals may now cross organizational boundaries to communicate efficiently with others regardless of time and space. Thus, when looking for help in solving work tasks, knowledge workers may just as easily contact individuals in rival firms across the globe as a coworker sitting at the next desk. As a result, management faces questions such as (1) How should firms manage employees' knowledge‐sourcing activities when they span both intra‐organizational and extra‐organizational boundaries, and (2) What is the relationship between different knowledge‐sourcing activities and individual performance? Grounded in the knowledge‐based view of the firm, we investigate these questions using data from Europe's largest information technology (IT) services and management consulting company. Our results provide evidence that organizations should support boundary spanning and knowledge sourcing from both internal and external sources. Results suggest (1) a positive relationship between boundary spanning communication and creativity and general performance, and (2) a negative relationship between a reliance on colocated coworkers as knowledge sources and creativity.     

人工智能聊天机器人对科研成果与人才评价的影响研究——基于ChatGPT、Microsoft Bing视角分析

美国开放人工智能研究中心(OpenAI)研发的人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT,基于“生成预训练转换器”(GPT)语言模型能够理解和响应自然语言输入，于2022年11月30日正式发布，短时间内在全球互联网界、学术界及产业界引发热议和关注。以ChatGPT、Microsoft Bing为代表的人工智能聊天机器人基于超大海量数据，采用“从人类反馈中强化学习”(RLHF)进行训练，主要具有三大功能：智能交互对话、智能文本生成、智能文献爬取。人工智能聊天机器人的核心竞争力是采用人工智能生成内容技术(AIGC)而具有强大的内容生成或文本生成能力，除能够生成一般应用性文稿外，还能够从事科学写作，从而引领和推动知识生产方式和学术研究范式变革，知识生产和学术研究进程将显著提速，知识生产者将从非创造性劳动中获得解放，知识生产方式将由“手动式”“半自动式”迈向“自动化”“智能化”。这种变革对传统的科研成果评价机制将产生重大影响，更进一步将对通过科研成果进行人才评价产生重大影响。大体上说，以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能聊天机器人应用于学术研究中，将遮蔽成果演化学术史，影响科研成果创新性评价；挑战知识产权保...     

The community of practice-based management model

This conceptual paper offers the convergence between two concepts now separated in the literature: the community of practice and the management model. The paper introduces the results of the theoretical research on the community of practice-based management model, the self-managing, human-friendly, knowledge sharing and innovativeness-supporting management model with high potential for the changeable environment. The research objective to analyse and explain the relationship between the concept of communities of practice and the management model is specified in two research questions: ‘How are the concepts of CoPs and management model connected in the community of practice-based management model?’ and ‘How do CoP-based management models work? What are their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages?’ The paper provides two examples of companies that combined both concepts in the community of practice-based management model and provides a discussion on the specifics of this unique model. The paper fills the research gap in the field of the theory of management – the community of practice-based management model, even though adopted by organisations in practice, still lacks adequate attention in the theoretical literature.     

A Resource‐Based View of Strategic IT Alignment: How Knowledge Sharing Creates Competitive Advantage

A critical decision problem for top management, and the focus of this study, is whether the CEO (chief executive officer) and CIO (chief information officer) should commit their time to formal planning with the expectation of producing an information technology (IT)‐based competitive advantage. Using the perspective of the resource‐based view, a model is presented that examines how strategic IT alignment can produce enhanced organizational strategies that yield competitive advantage. One hundred sixty‐one CIOs provided data using a postal survey. Results supported seven of the eight hypotheses. They showed that information intensity is an important antecedent to strategic IT alignment, that strategic IT alignment is best explained by multiple constructs which operationalize both process and content measures, and that alignment between the IT plan and the business plan is significantly related to the use of IT for competitive advantage. Study results raise questions about the effect of CEO participation, which appears to be the weak link in the process, and also about the perception of the CIO on the importance of CEO involvement. The paper contributes to our understanding of how knowledge sharing in the alignment process contributes to the creation of superior organizational strategies, provides a framework of the alignment‐performance relationship, and furnishes several new constructs.