新旧个人主义——美国改革时代的民主主体论

19世纪末20世纪初,美国进入垄断的资本主义阶段,美国的个人主义也由传统个人主义转变为新个人主义.个人主义内涵的变化带动了美国民主政治的一系列变化,为美国的社会合作与政治改革提供了理论基础,对美国的政治意识、政治制度以及人们的政治行为产生了重要影响.     

五四道德革命与现代民族国家关系之研究

伦理道德的现代化,是五四新文化“人的现代化”的一个重要组成部分。对于伦理革命的形成原因,人们往往归因于新文化运动,这是不够全面的。新道德的出现更是现代民族国家建立后新的社会制度和生活的历史要求,这是五四新道德生成的直接的现实原因。     

Gendered Self-Improvement: Autonomous Personhood and the Marriage Predicament of Young Women in Urban China

How does gender shape the experience and imaginaries of self-realisation? This article explores practices of self-improvement among young women in China, namely workshops for interpersonal skills. These practices direct participants to express themselves as autonomous persons, disembedded from social hierarchies and familial responsibilities. Unmarried women who attend workshops conceive of marriage as an unavoidable impediment to their self-realisation. This is due to a prevailing gender inequality in marriage, as well as the ongoing expansion of an ideal of individual autonomy in China through economic reforms. In this article, I do not centre my analysis on a cultural clash between this ideal and local cultural practices. Instead, it is the possibility of this ideal, which is always shaped and restricted by socio-economic imperatives, that induces women’s frustration with their local culture. The fact that this ideal promises universal attainment highlights for women the gender roles that limit their autonomy.     

沈从文艺术创作后继乏力深层原因探析

沈从文创作提前终结不只是政治压力的结果。作为叙事艺术家,他从三方面建立了迥异于其他乡土作家的叙事从性爱提出生命存在方式、生命意识问题;认为主宰湘西儿女幸福的是命运;关注个体生活,拒绝历史夹带。但当思考改造人性、重塑民族性格时,单一的湘楚文化资源、直觉顿悟式的思维、对现代变革质疑能力的缺乏限制了他的超越,造成了他内在艺术生命的枯萎。     

西方个人主义与当代中国道德建设

个人主义是西方的概念 ,在西方背景下考察它的内涵、与利己主义的关系及其双面效应 ,可知个人主义是西方的最好选择 ;当代中国市场经济条件下的道德建设可以吸收其合理内涵 ,但由于中国文化、经济、政治的特殊性 ,不能简单移植作为西方伦理原则的个人主义 ;当代中国应确立的基本伦理原则应为新型集体主义     

Comparison and Contrast of Major English Romantic Poets--On Wordsworth, Byron, Shelley and Keats

华兹华斯、拜伦、雪莱和济慈是杰出的英国浪漫主义诗人。作为同一个文学流派的诗人,他们都崇尚自然,强调个性解放,并且具有丰富的想象力与非凡的创造力。然而,除了这些公认的共同点之外,更重要的是．他们的诗作在主题、题材、艺术手法等方面体现出诸多不同之处。正是这些反映他们个性特点的不同之处使得他们在英国及世界文学史上更加卓而不群：     

价值个体主义、怀疑主义与价值共识的困境

在现代社会,随着事实和价值、私人领域和公共领域、社会道德与个人道德的分离,人们对善的理解和把握成为了私人之事,外在的力量难以对其进行有效的干预.价值个体主义使价值怀疑论成为现代社会的一种常态,外在的一切权威都需要经过个体理性法庭的批判才能取得合法地位.由此,“圣人”、“经典”、“宏大叙事”竞相成为被解构的对象,告别权威和崇高成为价值领域中的响亮口号.如何在个体理性反思能力和外在权威之间保持恰当的平衡,是当代价值共识问题面临的突出困境.     

中国社会变革过程中的个体主义倾向

由计划经济转向市场经济这一历史性变革伴随着深层的社会心理嬗变:传统的内缘的集体主义转向现代的外缘的个体主义。个人主义是以个体为核心的关于自我边界、社会关系和社会规则的一种社会共识或社会表征。作为婚姻准则、经济规则、人文精神和政治原则的个体主义,既存在于现实生活中,也通过法律的不断完善得以体现。与个体主义在欧洲的历史进程相类似,中国社会发展也经历了去神化、人口流动和倡导自由、平等和博爱三个阶段。     

The social contract revisited: a re-examination of the influence individualistic and collectivistic value systems have on the psychological wellbeing of young people

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of psychological health problems experienced by young people living in Western societies is increasing. Evidence suggests the cultural dynamism of individualism may play a role in this, but this evidence is conflicting. Here, we focus on both the concepts of individualism and collectivism, distinguishing between their horizontal and vertical dimensions. We examine the influence of these dimensions on the psychological wellbeing of a sample of 507 Australian emerging adults (aged 18–25). We found that orientations towards vertical (but not horizontal) individualism predicted lower levels of psychological wellbeing, while orientations towards horizontal (but not vertical) collectivism predicted higher psychological wellbeing. These findings add clarity to the way in which key Western social values play an understated role in the increasing prevalence of psychological health problems experienced by young people today. They also provide an understanding of how various traits embedded within these concepts relate to psychological wellbeing.     

The role of individualism vs. collectivism in the formation of repurchase intent: A cross-industry comparison of the effects of cultural and personal values

As repurchase intent drives profitability and firms are facing culturally diverse customers, managers should know how individualism (vs. collectivism) influences the formation of repurchase intent. This research models individualism as a dimension of both national culture and personal values. Based on HLM of data from six countries and ten industries, study 1 shows that cultural individualism is more influential than personal individualism. Individualism positively moderates the effect of customer satisfaction and negatively moderates the effects of public brand image and relational switching costs on repurchase intent. While the effects of customer satisfaction and relational switching costs are moderated more strongly for services, the effect of public brand image is moderated more strongly for products. Study 2 illuminates psychological processes operating behind these moderating effects: importance of relational switching costs – reliance on salespeople; importance of public brand image – meeting social preferences (impressing others, expressing group identify), but not trustworthiness; importance of customer satisfaction – customization, distinctiveness, but not functional benefits. This research also tests extant theories about the main effect of individualism on repurchase intent. The results provide valuable, novel suggestions for cross-cultural adaptation of marketing strategy.