信息技术“生产率悖论”分析

信息与资本、土地一样,是一种重要的资源.信息技术是利用信息资源、发挥信息资源价值的技术和手段.然而,长期以来人们都为信息技术投资究竞有没有效益、效益有多大、究竞该如何测算其效益等这些问题所困惑.本文分析了信息技术"生产率悖论"产生的原因,并力图对这些问题给予解释和回答.     

Working artefacts: ethnomethods of the prototype

This paper follows recent science studies in theorizing information technologies as socio-material configurations, aligned into more and less durable forms. The study of how new technologies emerge shifts, on this view, from a focus on invention to an interest in ongoing practices of assembly, demonstration, and performance. This view is developed in relation to the case of the 'prototype', an exploratory technology designed to effect alignment between the multiple interests and working practices of technology research and development, and sites of technologies-in-use. In so far as it is successful, the prototype works as an exemplary artefact that is at once intelligibly familiar to the actors involved, and recognizably new.     

城市青年知识分子家庭性别分工模式嬗变的“社会性别”分析

以"社会性别"为视角,阐述分析了城市青年知识分子家庭性别分工模式从改革开放初期的"二保一"型到今天的"比翼双飞"型的嬗变及其这种嬗变的历史必然性。     

从“新闻纸”走向“文化纸” —— 试论互联网时代高校校报的转型

高校校报长期被作为学校最主要的新闻宣传媒介.随着互联网的兴起和校园网的普遍应用,受众的信息需求发生变化,而校报存在着自身难以克服的 局限性,不能适应这种变化,因而其作为新闻媒介的信息传播优势地位将被网络取代.校报 的出路在于实现从"新闻纸"向"文化纸"的转型,向传播先进大学文化的地位复归.     

可持续发展农业的新视野——基于RS、GIS和GPS的“精确农业”

国内外许多研究表明,随着环境退化、资源衰竭、人口剧增等一系列生态问题的日益严重,持续农业将是今后发展永恒的主题,而持续农业的基本特点是高度依赖于信息和密集型管理。本文研究了基于RS、GIS、GPS的“精确农业”以及实施精确农业的技术条件和程序、我国精确农业应用研究的领域与国外“3S”精确农业的研究进展和发展前景。     

文艺活动系统分析的几个阶段

植根于社会生活的文艺创作和欣赏 ,以及它对社会生活的反作用 ,形成了一个“文艺信息”的传输与反馈的“环流”系统。本文运用系统论的分析方法 ,对该系统的构建模式进行了分析 ,并据此认为将科学概念和逻辑方法运用于该系统有巨大的可能性     

《史记》研究资料整理和索引编制概述

历代有关<史记>研究的资料汗牛充栋,既多且杂.明代以来,人们通过辑评、辑佚、旧籍重刊等方法,对之进行搜集整理,取得了很大的成绩.为查检各种资料而编制的索引,也多种多样,值得重视.文章对这两方面的成就,作了全面地梳理概述.     

An immune algorithm with stochastic aging and kullback entropy for the chromatic number problem

We present a new Immune Algorithm, IMMALG, that incorporates a Stochastic Aging operator and a simple local search procedure to improve the overall performances in tackling the chromatic number problem (CNP) instances. We characterize the algorithm and set its parameters in terms of Kullback Entropy. Experiments will show that the IA we propose is very competitive with the state-of-art evolutionary algorithms.     

Csiszar’s ϕ-divergences for testing the order in a Markov chain

x ₁, ..., x _n+r can be treated as the sample values of a Markov chain of order r or less (chain in which the dependence extends over r+1 consecutive variables only), and consider the problem of testing the hypothesis H ₀ that a chain of order r− 1 will be sufficient on the basis of the tools given by the Statistical Information Theory: _ϕ-Divergences. More precisely, if p _{a 1 ....., a r}: _{a r +1} denotes the transition probability for a r ^th order Markov chain, the hypothesis to be tested is H ₀:p _{a 1 ....., a r}: _{a r +1} = p _{a 2 ....., a r}: _{a r +1}, a _i ∈{1, ..., s}, i = 1, ..., r + 1 The tests given in this paper, for the first time, will have as a particular case the likelihood ratio test and the test based on the chi-squared statistic. Received: August 3, 1998; revised version: November 25, 1999     

Multivariate Measures of Well-Being and an Analysis of Inequality in the Michigan Data

We demonstrate a multidimensional approach for combining several indicators of well-being, including the traditional money-income indicators. This methodology avoids the difficult and much criticized task of computing imputed incomes for such indicators as net worth and schooling. Inequality in the proposed composite measures is computed using relative inequality indexes that permit simple analysis of both the contribution of each welfare indicator (and its factor components) and within and between components of total inequality when the population is grouped by income levels, age, gender, or any other criteria. The analysis is performed on U.S. data using the Michigan Survey of Income Dynamics.