Resource Distribution in Multiple Attacks with Imperfect Detection of the Attack Outcome

This article extends the previous research of consecutive attacks strategy by assuming that an attacker observes the outcome of each attack imperfectly. With given probabilities it may wrongly identify a destroyed target as undestroyed, and wrongly identify an undestroyed target as destroyed. The outcome of each attack is determined by a contest success function that depends on the amount of resources allocated by the defender and the attacker to each attack. The article suggests a probabilistic model of the multiple attacks and analyzes how the target destruction probability and the attacker's relative resource expenditure are impacted by the two probabilities of incorrect observation, the attacker's and defender's resource ratio, the contest intensity, the number of attacks, and the resource distribution across attacks. We analyze how the attacker chooses the number of attacks, the attack stopping rule, and the optimal resource distribution across attacks to maximize its utility.     

毛细管电泳法直接分离检测水溶液中Cd2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+的研究

建立了毛细管电泳法直接分离测定水样中Cd2 、Cu2 、Ni2 、Zn2 金属离子的方法,研究了缓冲溶液种类、浓度、pH值、有机添加剂等对分离的影响,对分离条件进行了优化.在波长223nm,分离电压25kV,pH=4.30,150 mmol/L HAc-NaAc乙醇(20%)缓冲溶液中,使Cd2 、Cu2 、Ni2 、Zn2 与邻二氮菲形成的配合物在4 min内得到了较好的分离,迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别小于0.95%和3.5%,且浓度与峰面积之间具有良好的线性关系.     

从关联理论看直译和意译之争

直译与意译是翻译的两种主要方法和理论,一直以来都被列入相对的位置进行讨论其优劣,成为翻译界一直争论不休的焦点问题。从关联理论出发,探讨直译意译两种翻译方法的关系。直译意译翻译方法的选用取决于翻译过程中原作者意图与译文读者意图,两者不是绝对对立的,而是动态统一的。     

When is a curve an outlier? An account of a tricky problem

ABSTRACT The analysis of a set of data consisting of N short (≤20 observations each) multivariate time series, where the observations are irregularly spaced and where observations for the different components of each multivariate series are observed at different times, is discussed. With the increased use of automatic recording devices in many fields, data such as these, which are of course samples from smooth response curves, are becoming more common. In this application, which was a clinical trial comparing two cements for use in hip replacement surgery, the key to the analysis was in recognizing that the interest lay in the degree to which the five curves representing a patient's vital signs deviated from baseline (i.e., normal for that patient) during surgery. This enabled the statisticians to define appropriate response variables. The analysis included Rosseeuw's (1984) technique for the identification of multivariate outliers and logistic regressions to identify any effects on the process producing the outliers due to treatment or covariates.     

一种视频图像中运动目标检测方法研究

针对序列图像中的运动目标检测问题,在独立分量分析的基本理论和算法的基础上,提出采用基于正交对称矩阵的快速定点算法对实际视频图像中的运动目标进行运动检测的方法。实验结果表明:该方法不仅能检测运动轨迹,还能提取运动目标的轮廓,并判断运动方向,是一种有效的运动目标检测方法。     

基于FPGA的高速图像预处理系统设计

介绍了一种用单片FPGA实现的实时、多任务、高速图像处理系统。该系统承担着提高信噪比、压缩数据量、Stokes参数观测和仪器及观测模式控制等任务。针对一个星载系统,采用了核心逻辑片内冗余、设计了相应的冗余管理线路等可靠性设计技术,采用了放置片内测试和校验模块等可测性设计技术,使系统工作时钟达40 MHz,图像处理速率达100 Mbps。     

采用CCSK承载非同步随机接入信息的方法

未来的移动通信系统要求提供的数据传输速率将高达100Mb/s以上,支持的业务也将从语音业务扩展到多媒体业务(包括实时的流媒体业务)。该文提出采用m序列的不同循环移位来构建CCSK序列,并在前导CAZAC序列上叠加CCSK序列,以用于隐含承载接入信息。为了减少两个序列之间的相互影响,调整两种序列之间的能量比例以及采用干扰消除,将显著提高两种序列的检测性能。     

A Note on the Poisson Likelihood Ratio Test Statistic for Kulldorff's Scan Methods

Methods based on scan statistics are widely used in health-related applications to detect clusters of disease. The most common methods are based on the Bernoulli and Poisson models. Kulldorff (1997 Kulldorff , M. ( 1997 ). A spatial scan statistic . Communications in Statistics—Theory and Methods 26 : 1481 – 1496 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) derived the likelihood ratio test statistic for his scan method for both of these models. His scan statistic is widely used with freely available software, SaTScan^? (see Kulldorff, 2005 Kulldorff , M. ( 2005 ). SaTScan: software for the spatial, temporal, and space-time scan statistics , version 5.1 [computer program]. Information Management Services 2005; Available: http://www.satscan.org/. Accessed July 2007 . [Google Scholar]). We provide an alternative derivation of the likelihood ratio test statistic in the Poisson case. Our derivation is simpler and more general in the sense that it applies when the incidences are not aggregated into subregional counts.     

A Method for Measuring Distance From a Training Data Set

A new method is proposed for measuring the distance between a training data set and a single, new observation. The novel distance measure reflects the expected squared prediction error when a quantitative response variable is predicted on the basis of the training data set using the distance weighted k-nearest-neighbor method. The simulation presented here shows that the distance measure correlates well with the true expected squared prediction error in practice. The distance measure can be applied, for example, in assessing the uncertainty of prediction.     

Spatial Cluster Detection for Longitudinal Outcomes Using Administrative Regions

This article proposes a new spatial cluster detection method for longitudinal outcomes that detects neighborhoods and regions with elevated rates of disease while controlling for individual level confounders. The proposed method, CumResPerm, utilizes cumulative geographic residuals through a permutation test to detect potential clusters which are defined as sets of administrative regions, such as a town or group of administrative regions. Previous cluster detection methods are not able to incorporate individual level data including covariate adjustment, while still being able to define potential clusters using informative neighborhood or town boundaries. Often, it is of interest to detect such spatial clusters because individuals residing in a town may have similar environmental exposures or socioeconomic backgrounds due to administrative reasons, such as zoning laws. Therefore, these boundaries can be very informative and more relevant than arbitrary clusters such as the standard circle or square. Application of the CumResPerm method will be illustrated by the Home Allergens and Asthma prospective cohort study analyzing the relationship between area or neighborhood residence and repeated measured outcome, occurrence of wheeze in the last six months, while taking into account mobile locations.