The mobility problem in Britain: new findings from the analysis of birth cohort data

Social mobility is now a matter of greater political concern in Britain than at any time previously. However, the data available for the determination of mobility trends are less adequate today than two or three decades ago. It is widely believed in political and in media circles that social mobility is in decline. But the evidence so far available from sociological research, focused on intergenerational class mobility, is not supportive of this view. We present results based on a newly‐constructed dataset covering four birth cohorts that provides improved data for the study of trends in class mobility and that also allows analyses to move from the twentieth into the twenty‐first century. These results confirm that there has been no decline in mobility, whether considered in absolute or relative terms. In the case of women, there is in fact evidence of mobility increasing. However, the better quality and extended range of our data enable us to identify other ‘mobility problems’ than the supposed decline. Among the members of successive cohorts, the experience of absolute upward mobility is becoming less common and that of absolute downward mobility more common; and class‐linked inequalities in relative chances of mobility and immobility appear wider than previously thought.     

现代大学生人生价值观的特点与成因

对大学生进行人生价值观教育,促其形成正确的价值取向,是思想教育的一项重要内容。为了使教育有的放矢,以增强教育的有效性,首先要认真分析研究现代大学生人生价值观的基本特点及其形成的原因。     

子女结构对农村养老中的资源交换机制的影响

本文采用2013年“中国健康与养老追踪调查”中甘肃和安徽两省追踪调查数据,运用广义线性模型、 logistic回归模型等分析方法,结合代际支持动机理论和能力理论,考察子女结构对农村养老中的资源交换机制的影响。结果发现：不管是经济支持还是情感支持,长子女和幼子女之间,儿子和女儿之间都存在分工关系和替代关系,以满足老年人的各项需求。子女的孩次、性别均对代际资源交换存在显著影响,孙子女的性别和数量对年轻一代和年老一代的代际动机产生显著影响,其中居住距离、外出务工和父母照料孙子女是不可忽略的中间因素。     

江泽民发展理论的主要特征

党的十三届四中全会以来的13年，江泽民站在时代的高度，对中国的发展问题进行了理论和实践的双重探索，正确回答了中国发展过程中需要解决的一系列重大问题，既坚持了邓小平的发展理论，又丰富和发展了邓小平的发展理论，形成了新的发展理论，这一理论不仅具有丰富的内涵，而且呈现出鲜明的时代特征和理论特色。作者从6个方面对江泽民发展理论的特征进行概括。     

Updating the Debate on Intergenerational Fairness in Pension Reform

This article examines the arguments involved in claims about the fairness or unfairness of government policies that would require current working generations to bear the full impact of their lower fertility on the costs of retirement pensions. The analysis is set in the context of a wider review of debate on the role of the idea of generational fairness in assessing options for reform under conditions of population ageing. The article considers three questions: whether generational fairness poses a serious problem for pay‐as‐you‐go pension schemes; whether it is reasonable to assess the generational fairness of pension policy in isolation from other kinds of generational transfer; and whether there is a good case for redistribution from future generations in favour of the baby boom generation.     

中国古代的证据制度及其特点

中国古代司法的证据主要分为七种,但存在证据制度上的先天不足,表现在与西方重神判的宗教传统不同,中国审判重人判,重视口供与刑讯逼供的采用等。与西方法律相比较,中国古代的证据制度内容比较简单,加上证据采集手段的简单粗糙,官员注重自由心证,导致刑讯逼供频繁,冤假错案时有发生,证据制度应有的功能与作用发挥得并不充分。     

变量误差模型下的代际收入弹性估计：一个文献综述

 代际收入流动性反映了社会的机会平等与经济公正程度，为收入分配研究提供了动态视角，主要由代际收入弹性来度量。对代际收入弹性的估计，主流方法都是建立在变量误差模型基础上的。随着新数据集的使用，研究者对收入动态方程假设进行了修正，从而推动了变量误差模型的发展，反过来变量误差模型的发展促进了代际收入弹性的一致性估计。     

新疆开放口岸特征分析与发展方略

新疆在对外贸易中的战略位置十分重要，其开放口岸有着辐射扇面范围广、季节开放口岸和常年开放口岸并存、公路、铁路、航空运输类型并举和贸易功能多样化的特点。但口岸同时也存在着基础设施建设薄弱、口岸管理体制不健全、受对方国家政策影响大和口岸发展不均衡的问题。提出应完善基础设施建设、强化管理体制建设、建立对外协调机制、加强口岸发展规划工作，以期全面加快口岸建设和发展。     

Introducing Standards and Guidelines

Abstract

This article traces the history of efforts to professionalize the Intergenerational field through the development of competencies and standards for practice in different program settings and roles. The authors propose a new set of Guidelines & Standards that identify a common knowledge base to begin unifying this specialized field and to ensure effective professional practices. The new Guidelines & Standards were widely disseminated for feedback, revised several times, and are now being piloted in a graduate program at The University of Findlay.     

英语体育新闻的标题特点及其翻译

随着奥运会的临近,以及2008年欧洲杯足球赛的到来,大家对体育的关注度是越来越高。本文通过大量实例,引入英语体育新闻标题的特点并探讨其翻译方法,旨在让国内的体育爱好者了解到国外记者对于各项体育赛事的报道。