主族控制下的族群杂居村落:权力的文化网络视角

本文借助“权力的文化网络”视角,深层再现云南省一个少数民族山区--蚌岚河槽（村庄）传统主族控制和毕摩操控的村落政治格局。作者认为,1949年以前槽区的社会政治局面是主族控制和毕摩操控,主族及其首领毕摩依靠乡村文化网络获得权威和认受性,他们在权力的文化网络中发挥着组织领导的作用,凭借对乡村文化网络（族群内部的宗族关系和宗教信仰以及族群关系等）的操控,主族及其首领毕摩有力地控制着乡村社会。     

Precedence tests and Lehmann alternatives

G = F ^k (k > 1); G = 1 − (1−F) ^k (k < 1); G = F ^k (k < 1); and G = 1 − (1−F) ^k (k > 1), where F and G are two continuous cumulative distribution functions. If an optimal precedence test (one with the maximal power) is determined for one of these four classes, the optimal tests for the other classes of alternatives can be derived. Application of this is given using the results of Lin and Sukhatme (1992) who derived the best precedence test for testing the null hypothesis that the lifetimes of two types of items on test have the same distibution. The test has maximum power for fixed κ in the class of alternatives G = 1 − (1−F) ^k , with k < 1. Best precedence tests for the other three classes of Lehmann-type alternatives are derived using their results. Finally, a comparison of precedence tests with Wilcoxon's two-sample test is presented. Received: February 22, 1999; revised version: June 7, 2000     

维经斯基来华与马克思主义在中国的早期传播

长久以来,史学界对于维经斯基首次来华的研究资料比较匮乏,而作为共产国际和俄共（布）远东局派往中国的第一位代表,维经斯基在促进马克思主义传播、增强共产国际与中国先进知识分子之间的联系、促进中国共产党的创建等方面的作用不容忽视,甚至可以说是在中国有组织、有计划、有针对性地进行马克思主义传播的第一人。     

Bootstrap tests: how many bootstraps?

In practice, bootstrap tests must use a finite number of bootstrap samples. This means that the outcome of the test will depend on the sequence of random numbers used to generate the bootstrap samples, and it necessarily results in some loss of power. We examine the extent of this power loss and propose a simple pretest procedure for choosing the number of bootstrap samples so as to minimize experimental randomness. Simulation experiments suggest that this procedure will work very well in practice.     

Testing for No Effect by Cosine Series Methods

The properties of three lack-of-fit tests that are related to non-parametric cosine regression analysis are examined in the context of testing for a constant mean function. Analytic power comparisons of these tests vs a most powerful test are made using intermediate asymptotic relative efficiency. In particular, a data-driven test is produced which is asymptotically as efficient as the most powerful test over a class of alternatives. A small scale simulation experiment is conducted to ascertain the extent that the large sample comparisons are applicable to finite samples.     

网絡协議TCP/IP

网络协议TCP/IP,分别相当于ISO/OSI参考模式中的第四层和第三层,源于美国国防部ARPANET的协议标准.目前,在高档微机工程工作站中得到广泛的应用,并成为工业界的一个“公认”标准. 本文介绍TCP/IP协议,并结合对B-NET(运行于16位微机DUAL系统83和UNIX系统V)中的TCP/IP的提取和分析,着重说明它们的接口及其执行过程机理.     

塑料注射机节能问题的研究与探讨

本文针对 XS—ZY—125型塑料注射成型机,分析了现行通用的双联泵供油液压系统耗能大的原因。介绍了压力流量补偿负荷传感液压系统在注射机上应用的基本原理。通过应用上述两种液压系统分别驱动同一台注射机的生产运行对比试验和能耗测试分析,证明压力流量补偿负荷传感液压系统具有十分显著的节能效果。通过经济效益估算分析,指出进一步开发压力流量补偿负荷传感液压系统在注射机上的应用,不仅具有十分显著的经济效益,而且具有很大的社会效益。     

Local Power Analyses of Goodness-of-fit Tests for Copulas

Abstract.  The asymptotic behaviour of several goodness-of-fit statistics for copula families is obtained under contiguous alternatives. Many comparisons between a Cramér–von Mises functional of the empirical copula process and new moment-based goodness-of-fit statistics are made by considering their associated asymptotic local power curves. It is shown that the choice of the estimator for the unknown parameter can have a significant influence on the power of the Cramér–von Mises test and that some of the moment-based statistics can provide simple and efficient goodness-of-fit methods.     

Consultants' forum: should post hoc sample size calculations be done?

Pre‐study sample size calculations for clinical trial research protocols are now mandatory. When an investigator is designing a study to compare the outcomes of an intervention, an essential step is the calculation of sample sizes that will allow a reasonable chance (power) of detecting a pre‐determined difference (effect size) in the outcome variable, at a given level of statistical significance. Frequently studies will recruit fewer patients than the initial pre‐study sample size calculation suggested. Investigators are faced with the fact that their study may be inadequately powered to detect the pre‐specified treatment effect and the statistical analysis of the collected outcome data may or may not report a statistically significant result. If the data produces a “non‐statistically significant result” then investigators are frequently tempted to ask the question “Given the actual final study size, what is the power of the study, now, to detect a treatment effect or difference?” The aim of this article is to debate whether or not it is desirable to answer this question and to undertake a power calculation, after the data have been collected and analysed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quantile dispersion graphs to compare the efficiencies of cluster randomized designs

The purpose of this article is to compare efficiencies of several cluster randomized designs using the method of quantile dispersion graphs (QDGs). A cluster randomized design is considered whenever subjects are randomized at a group level but analyzed at the individual level. A prior knowledge of the correlation existing between subjects within the same cluster is necessary to design these cluster randomized trials. Using the QDG approach, we are able to compare several cluster randomized designs without requiring any information on the intracluster correlation. For a given design, several quantiles of the power function, which are directly related to the effect size, are obtained for several effect sizes. The quantiles depend on the intracluster correlation present in the model. The dispersion of these quantiles over the space of the unknown intracluster correlation is determined, and then depicted by the QDGs. Two applications of the proposed methodology are presented.