电子合同刍议

电子合同是电子商务的基本形式。电子合同指运用电子通讯手段签订的协议。我国的新合同法将电子合同称为数据电文合同。电子合同有广义和狭义之分。广义的电子合同包括利用电子计算机、发报机、电传机、传真机等手段签订的合同。狭义的电子合同仅指利用电子计算机订立的合同。电子合同的基本形式有两种：电子数据交换和电子邮件。电子合同的基本特征有三：一是合同签订的无纸化;二是合同履行的无形化;三是合同签订和履行的超时空化。     

网络环境对高校图书馆员的新要求

本文论述网络环境下高校图书馆的硬件建设以及对图书馆员提出的新要求。     

美国互联网过滤制度研究

美国互联网过滤制度是指美国联邦政府以扣减联邦补贴作为强制手段,要求公立中小学、博物馆和图书馆过滤互联网上对未成年人有害信息的法律制度。透过相关法律的制定过程、概念、特征、主要措施、落实情况,以及治理模式及其背后的政治、经济、社会和技术原因,提出四点启示：遵循互联网信息传播规律,采用间接监管和共同治理方式,减少对企业的限制和负担,减少对成年人的妨碍等。     

网络文化建设中的网络伦理构建

网络文化作为一种文化现象,在给人们带来极大便利的同时,也产生一些负面效应。通过对网络引起的文化伦理问题及产生根源进行全方位的分析,提出解决网络伦理问题和建设有中国特色社会主义网络文化的途径。     

Using Dialogic Principles on Websites

This research reports the results of the analysis of public benefit organization (PBO) websites as places for encouraging dialogic relationships with key members of the public. Using a modified Kent and Taylor's (1998) dialogic principle, we conducted a content analysis of 367 PBOs in Poland. The results suggest that analyzed organizations only marginally use the five principles of dialogic communication on their websites. The studies have identified only a few organizations, which have websites characterized as having a high level of dialogic potential. Websites usually contained only some elements, which gave them the appearance of a digital information brochure. In addition, the results indicate that website dialogic potential is significantly influenced by the amount of revenue and the extent of the organization. The higher the revenue and geographic service area, the greater the dialogic potential of websites is as well.     

Caring is not enough: the importance of Internet skills for online privacy protection

This article explains Internet users’ self-help activities in protecting their privacy online using structural equation modeling. Based on a representative survey of Swiss Internet users, it reveals past experiences with privacy breaches as a strong predictor of current protective behavior. Further, in line with the ‘privacy paradox’ argument, caring about privacy (privacy attitudes) alone does not necessarily result in substantial self-protection. Most strikingly, however, general Internet skills are key in explaining users’ privacy behavior. These skills enable users to reduce risks of privacy loss while obtaining the benefits from online activities that increasingly depend on the revelation of personal data. Consequently, Internet skills are an essential starting point for public policies regarding users’ self-help in privacy protection.     

Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS): creation and validation of a tilt assessment in a French population

Tilt in poker implies a deviation from an individual’s usual playing style, at a strategic, emotional and behavioural level. It is a specific characteristic of poker, which can affect all kinds of players with varying degrees of frequency. In addition, tilt could be a transitional form of pathological gambling behaviour and a gateway to addiction. The main objective of this research is therefore the design and validation of a measuring scale for tilt episode frequency in an online poker gamblers’ group. Twenty-one items based on the literature and interviews with 10 poker players were created. An online self-administered questionnaire was completed by 263 poker players to validate this scale. The mean age of the sample was 26.7 (SD = 4.45). The Online Poker Tilt Scale (OPTS) consists of 17 items and is the first validated tool for measuring the frequency of tilt episodes associated with online poker. It is composed of two factors: ‘emotional and behavioural tilt’ and ‘cognitive tilt’. Tilt seems to be an essential part of understanding online poker behaviour. This tool will enable researchers studying online poker addiction to perform research on the mechanisms and processes that lead to tilt and its consequences.     

Internet gambling in relation to Internet addiction,substance use,online sexual engagement and suicidality in a Greek sample

Research has found gambling to be related to a variety of other addictive behaviours. The study objective was to evaluate the association of Internet gambling with Internet addiction, online sexual engagement, suicidality and substance use, in a sample of Greek adults. The study sample consisted of 789 military personnel. During their annual medical examination the study participants anonymously completed a series of self-reported questionnaires in relation to socio-demographic data, Internet gambling practices, online sexual engagement, Internet addiction, suicidality and psychoactive substance use. We found that Internet addiction significantly predicted engagement with online gambling, followed by substance use in general, and, in particular, the use of cocaine or heroin. Finally, two other predictive indicators were self-reported suicide attempts and engagement with online sex. Online gambling is associated with various behaviours related to impulsivity such as Internet addiction, online sexual engagement, suicidality and substance use. Future research will increase our knowledge on the contribution of new technologies and the Internet in Internet gambling dimensions, as well as on the associations with other high-risk behaviours such as substance use, pornography and suicidality.     

WeChat: social and political development of China’s dominant messaging app

This article traces the development of the Chinese social media app WeChat from its origins to its current role as a leading communications tool for some 600 million Chinese citizens. It analyzes the ways the small-group oriented app is changing China’s social connections, as it enhances trusted, personal contacts while transforming opportunities for larger online group formation. The article assesses methods the Chinese Government employs to monitor and control WeChat communication, and provides a case-focus study. It also considers the apolitical features, in particular, those related to entertainment and personal social relations, which have made important contributions to WeChat’s great popularity.     

马克思的机器思想及其对认识互联网的启示

马克思的《资本论》及其手稿中包含了丰富的机器思想,内容涉及机器的性质,机器对生产方式、资产阶级政权、家庭和社会的影响以及机器的发展前途.在产生和影响上,马克思所处时代的机器与今天的互联网具有高度的相似性,这决定了《资本论》中的机器思想对深刻认识互联网以及利用互联网发展生产力、化解网络政治经济问题、引导家庭和社会适应网络社会等方面具有重要的启示.