联盟信任变迁与美韩联盟转型

联盟信任与联盟困境之间存在密切关系。在双边不对称联盟中,联盟困境的"抛弃"与"牵连"对联盟信任的作用更为强烈,进而成为推动联盟转型的重要变量。在美韩联盟发展过程中,其联盟信任不断变迁。联盟初期,由战火锤炼铸就的美韩双向情绪性信任,中经"尼克松冲击"转变为情绪性—工具性信任,后冷战时代历经双方的战略调整与实力变迁影响,转为双向工具性信任。受联盟信任变迁的影响,美韩联盟也实现了由军事联盟向战略性联盟的转变,这是联盟信任下降与共有利益拓展的共同结果。     

小学校长服务型领导对教师知识分享行为的影响研究

以山东省248名小学教师为有效样本，探讨了服务型领导、教师同事信任、情感承诺和教师知识分享行为之间的关系。研究结果显示：服务型领导与教师知识分享行为显著相关；教师同事信任部分居间联系了服务型领导与知识分享行为之间的关系；教师同事信任部分居间联系了服务型领导与情感承诺之间的关系；情感承诺对服务型领导与知识分享行为关系的中介作用不显著。     

Allocation of resources in asymmetric competitions: How do the weak maintain a chance of winning?

To maintain a chance of occasionally beating a stronger player in a competition waged over several fields, a weaker player should give up on some of the fields and concentrate resources on the remaining ones. But when do weak players actually do this? And which fields do they give up when the fields differ in their likelihood of being assessed? We report an experimental study of resource allocation in which asymmetric pairs of players compete over asymmetric fields. Symmetric players and symmetric fields are used for control. We find that players behave as follows: (1) Average wins are the same in the symmetric and asymmetric fields conditions and correspond to relative player strength. (2) The proportion of fields given up on decreases with a player’s greater relative strength, increases for asymmetric field likelihoods, and increases when competitions are framed in meaningful context; this proportion is related to wins. (3) When field likelihoods are asymmetric, players’ resource allocation is correlated with likelihood. Wins generally increase with that correlation but the relation is different for players of different strength. (4) The proportion of fields given up on and the correlation with likelihood change with experience towards the values corresponding to higher wins.     

Changes in the Factors Influencing Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power Generation in Japan Since the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

Public support for nuclear power generation has decreased in Japan since the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident in March 2011. This study examines how the factors influencing public acceptance of nuclear power changed after this event. The influence factors examined are perceived benefit, perceived risk, trust in the managing bodies, and pro‐environmental orientation (i.e., new ecological paradigm). This study is based on cross‐sectional data collected from two online nationwide surveys: one conducted in November 2009, before the nuclear accident, and the other in October 2011, after the accident. This study's target respondents were residents of Aomori, Miyagi, and Fukushima prefectures in the Tohoku region of Japan, as these areas were the epicenters of the Great East Japan Earthquake and the locations of nuclear power stations. After the accident, trust in the managing bodies was found to have a stronger influence on perceived risk, and pro‐environmental orientation was found to have a stronger influence on trust in the managing bodies; however, perceived benefit had a weaker positive influence on public acceptance. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

基于思维法则学的跨文化信任框架——综合中国本土化思想与西方理论的尝试

以"承诺式信任"和"说服式信任"作为2个极端点,以"调节式信任"作为连续体的中间状态,提出了"信任的连续统一体"模型。该模型解释了中国情境下基于"关系"和"面子"的信任,以及西方基于认知、基于情感的信任;从调节式信任的角度,提出了跨文化信任的框架,分析了跨文化信任构建过程的一些阶段及调节策略;给出了关于发展中国管理理论、促进管理科学中国学派走向世界的思考。     

NIMBY, CLAMP, and the Location of New Nuclear-Related Facilities: U.S. National and 11 Site-Specific Surveys

Public and political opposition have made finding locations for new nuclear power plants, waste management, and nuclear research and development facilities a challenge for the U.S. government and the nuclear industry. U.S. government-owned properties that already have nuclear-related activities and commercial nuclear power generating stations are logical locations. Several studies and utility applications to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission suggest that concentrating locations at major plants (CLAMP) has become an implicit siting policy. We surveyed 2,101 people who lived within 50 miles of 11 existing major nuclear sites and 600 who lived elsewhere in the United States. Thirty-four percent favored CLAMP for new nuclear power plants, 52% for waste management facilities, and 50% for new nuclear laboratories. College educated, relatively affluent male whites were the strongest CLAMP supporters. They disproportionately trusted those responsible for the facilities and were not worried about existing nuclear facilities or other local environmental issues. Notably, they were concerned about continuing coal use. Not surprisingly, CLAMP proponents tended to be familiar with their existing local nuclear site. In short, likely CLAMP sites have a large and politically powerful core group to support a CLAMP policy. The challenge to proponents of nuclear technologies will be to sustain this support and expand the base among those who clearly are less connected and receptive to new nearby sites.     

中原人口逃入匈奴及其受到信任使用

匈奴社会的管理比中原地区宽松,无以为生的中原贫民、留没匈奴之中原将士的亲属以及边民、奴婢等甘愿冒极大风险逃亡出塞,为的是去谋求生存.虽有障塞哨卡甚至腰斩酷刑却仍禁而不止.至西汉末年,汉廷所设四条恰从反面证明,时从中原北入匈奴谋求生存者已形成潮流.留居匈奴地区的中原人有一部分自愿参加了匈奴军队对汉军作战,还有中原人把穿井筑城治楼藏谷技术,以及计课人众畜物的疏记方法等带到匈奴地区.张骞、苏武、李陵等留居匈奴期间都曾娶胡妇建立家庭.李广利之死与殉葬无关.匈奴地区的中原人有人身自由.     

中国政府信任类型的历史嬗变与现实思考

政府信任类型是一定时代社会、经济的产物.基于信任关系的表现形态,建国以来已经经历了政府信任的依赖型、松散型和互动型三种类型的嬗变.三种类型在表现形态、结构功能和实际效应上都有明显的差异.笔者通过分析比较,重点探讨了互动型政府信任的时代合理性及其发展趋势,并有针对性地从观念、机制、主体、关系、危机应对等五个方面提出了进一步完善政府信任的对策.     

契约型农产品渠道中专有资产投入、人际信任与关系稳定

文章探讨了收购商与农户构成的契约型农产品渠道关系中,收购商与农户双方的专有资产投入对农户信任的影响,以及农户信任对关系稳定性的影响作用.实证研究发现,收购商专有资产投入会促进农户信任,而农户专有资产投入会强化上述关系;同时,农户信任会提升其续约意愿,降低其违约倾向.此外,政府支持会强化农户信任对其续约意愿的正向影响,但会削弱农户信任对其违约倾向的负向影响.研究结论拓展了传统渠道中专有资产投入对信任影响的适用范围,指出了双方锁定的渠道关系对信任的重要作用,为农产品渠道中契约稳定性的研究提供了新视角.研究还发现,政府支持对提高契约型农产品渠道关系稳定性具有重要作用,这对制定契约型农产品渠道的管理政策具有一定的启发意义.     

农地承包经营权信托流转的发展历程与趋势

农地承包经营权信托流转经历了从“政府主导型”到“市场主导型”农地信托的演变。目前的农地集合信托计划与此之前的农地信托流转模式相比,采取金融化与商业化方式改造农地信托,引入信托公司对农地进行信托管理,既强化了农地信托流转的市场化运作,改变了一直以来被诟病的政府主导型农地信托流转的弊端,有利于发挥信托公司强大的信托管理优势和资金优势,又能更迅速地集合更多土地,实现农地规模化经营。未来农地信托流转将遵循市场为主导的农地集合信托方向;以农地事务管理型信托为主,农地资金信托为辅的信托方向以及法制化的方向发展。