Emotions,Trust, and Perceived Risk: Affective and Cognitive Routes to Flood Preparedness Behavior

Despite the prognoses of the effects of global warming (e.g., rising sea levels, increasing river discharges), few international studies have addressed how flood preparedness should be stimulated among private citizens. This article aims to predict Dutch citizens’ flood preparedness intentions by testing a path model, including previous flood hazard experiences, trust in public flood protection, and flood risk perceptions (both affective and cognitive components). Data were collected through questionnaire surveys in two coastal communities (n= 169, n= 244) and in one river area community (n= 658). Causal relations were tested by means of structural equation modeling (SEM). Overall, the results indicate that both cognitive and affective mechanisms influence citizens’ preparedness intentions. First, a higher level of trust reduces citizens’ perceptions of flood likelihood, which in turn hampers their flood preparedness intentions (cognitive route). Second, trust also lessens the amount of dread evoked by flood risk, which in turn impedes flood preparedness intentions (affective route). Moreover, the affective route showed that levels of dread were especially influenced by citizens’ negative and positive emotions related to their previous flood hazard experiences. Negative emotions most often reflected fear and powerlessness, while positive emotions most frequently reflected feelings of solidarity. The results are consistent with the affect heuristic and the historical context of Dutch flood risk management. The great challenge for flood risk management is the accommodation of both cognitive and affective mechanisms in risk communications, especially when most people lack an emotional basis stemming from previous flood hazard events.     

对网络交际的思考

网络交际现今已经成为很多人生活的一部分,通过网络空间人们交流更加便捷,更加丰富。网络交际对我们的现实社会文化和人际交流有着深刻的影响和冲击。网络交际弱化了文化因素对交际主体角色的制约和影响;网络交际的开放性使不同文化的人更容易交流和相互认同,弱化了本土文化对人际交往的影响;网络交际形成的特殊文化,引起了文化的碰撞和交融;网络交际的不真实性加剧了人与人的信任危机;网络交际信息与真实信息的差异,及网络上对他人隐私的侵害给日常生活交际带来了不利的影响。     

对我国证券投资基金发展问题的探讨

从证券投资基金的现状出发 ,针对基金发展中的典型问题 ,进行了多角度的思考 ,提出了一些前瞻性的建议     

Little naked pangs of the self: the real performance of the self and the function of trust in Goffman's action theory

The aim of this article is to discuss some of the leading features of Erving Goffman's action theory as an alternative to the ‘orthodox’ paradigms of sociology, viewed as a structuralist and functionalist science that defines social constructs by their shared rules and values, and as a drifting of action, in the sense of intention, toward an individualistic version. The author examines Goffman's shift of the focus of attention from the boundaries of a social sense of action to the social dialectic of ‘defining a situation’ (W. Thomas) as conducted by the social actors in a renewal of Simmel's ‘empowering covenants’ (wechselwirkung) in the multiple casual social connections that make up the ‘social buzz’ in a society. The author moreover discusses Goffman's action as a kind of playacting regulating cognitive and expressive face-to-face ‘traffic’ between the social actors. This relational dynamic creates an interactive play based on encounters – in which one's opening to another is fraught with risks of deception – regulated by trust as a central resource for social interactions. Trust, in its interpersonal and systemic variants, constitutes a universal social datum and an elementary precondition for social exchanges and the cooperation between individuals. Trust, thus, functions as comparer between reciprocal expectations and a regulator of freedom tending to the stability of the social system.     

Neighborhood Quality, Environmental Hazards, Personality Traits, and Resident Actions

A survey of 798 New Jersey residents examined relationships among residents' neighborhood activities, perceptions of neighborhood quality, trust of experts, support for rebuilding cities and equal rights, and degree of optimism. Neighborhood activities increased with lack of trust and optimism. These personality characteristic measures were folded into multidimensional constructs that included local environmental hazards, respondents' ratings of their previous neighborhoods, and some demographic variables. Pessimism and values that support equal rights and rebuilding cities were weakly associated with poor quality neighborhood ratings.     

小股东表决权信托实现机制研究

小股东和大股东在公司地位及控制公司程度上的差异,导致小股东权益在公司治理中极易受到损害,小股东对行使表决权方式的需求上也与大股东有所差异,股东表决权的行使方式设计应对他们的利益做出平衡,小股东若想得到有效保护,只有联合起来,集合足够的表决权,从而达到与大股东抗衡的目的,表决权信托便是一种有效方式。针对表决权含义与法律特征、表决权信托法律关系,同时从小股东权益的视角研究表决权信托于小股东表决权行使的意义     

Methodological Approaches to Assessing Risk Perceptions Associated with Food-Related Hazards

The psychometric approach developed by Slovic and his co-workers has been effectively used to assess risk perceptions associated with different food-related hazards. However, further examination (using questionnaire data and partial correlation techniques) has indicated that technological hazards are highly differentiated from lifestyle hazards, in terms of both hazard control and knowledge about the hazard. Optimistic bias was also seen to vary between hazards. Further research has focused on a particular hazard, genetic engineering. Risk perceptions associated with genetic engineering are underpinned by ethical concern and questions relating to perceived need for the technology, as well as perceptions of risk or harm. However, increasing the specificity of hazard stimuli was found to alter the factor structure of underlying risk perceptions. The utility of preference mapping procedures in determining individual differences in trust in risk regulators is also discussed.     

当代中国农村社会法律信用问题探析

在中国农村社会,法律在运行的过程中缺乏主体认同性、维权性和必行性。产生这些问题的原因是与中国农村社会相适应的信任结构还没有建立、法律框架下的农民利益表达机制不畅、法律规则的"水土不服"、农村法律资源供给不足等。当代中国农民法律意识现代化的出路在于畅通农民利益表达渠道、完善立法、加强农村法律资源的供给以及加强农村普法教育。     

公众参与、绩效评价与公众信任——基于某市政府官员的实证分析

近年来,公众对政府的信任问题日益突出,而公众参与的政府绩效评价活动的开展为公众与政府的互动搭起了桥梁。通过问卷调查获取的特定地区相关数据分析结果表明,政府绩效对公众信任的影响最大,其次公众参与程度和评价结果应用都在一定程度上正向影响公众信任;同时,评价结果应用通过政府绩效对公众信任产生间接影响。     

证券持有模式的嬗变——兼论跨境证券交易下间接持有模式

传统的证券持有模式是直接持有证券,但是随着金融市场的国际化和证券交易量的扩大,以及计算机技术的发展,这种持有模式发生了根本的变革,催生了证券间接持有模式。这种持有模式在提高证券交易的效率和风险控制能力,更好地防范和化解金融市场风险方面具有相当的优势。与此同时,它对法律环境的要求也是相当严格的,否则给金融市场带来的冲击和破坏会更严重。该文旨在探讨如何在现有条件下完善我国的法制从而更好地推动间接持有体制的建立和发展。