湖南核电产业的SWOT分析

文章分析了湖南能源存在的主要问题,并对湖南核电产业内、外部环境中的优势、劣势、机会、威胁四个因素进行了综合客观的分析评价,依此得出积极发展湖南核电产业是解决湖南能源问题的根本出路的结论。     

用从头算法计算气相条件下金属-苯反应体系中电子转移反应的量子效应

提出了一种求算金属 -苯和金属离子 -苯配合物电子转移反应的 Franck- Condon( FC)因子的从头算法 ,并计算了金属 -苯配合物的振动频率 .在振动频率比热能 ( k T)低 ,并且键长的变化小于从反应物到产物间距离的情况下 ,此法算出的 FC因子与经典和半经典方法的计算结果相吻合 .本研究的电子转移反应是在气相条件下进行的 ,可以忽略电子转移反应的外氛影响 ,用量子力学的方法来描述更为合适 .     

核电事业发展中我国铀资源对外依存度探讨

铀资源对外依存度就是一个国家或地区铀资源进口量占本国铀资源需求量的比重。随着核电事业发展,且国内铀矿资源自然禀赋不佳,铀生产难以满足自身需求,铀资源对外依存度一路攀升到83.3%。这一情况说明,我国对国外铀的依赖程度越来越大,受国际铀市场价格波动影响越来越大。对此,我们既不能掉以轻心,也不能反应过度,而应该理性看待,既加大国内铀矿勘探开发投入力度,也保证国外铀产品持续稳定供应,通过加大国内铀生产、推进海外铀勘探开发、开展国际铀贸易、增加铀储备等多措并举,以保障核电事业发展中我国铀资源的长期供应安全。     

Why the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster is a Man‐made Calamity

The Fukushima nuclear disaster caused by the earthquake on 11 March 2011 is a man‐made calamity because technological failures were derived from the failure of multiple social safeguards. The insufficient social safeguards can be explained by highlighting the “nuclear complex.” Institutional frameworks assured the enormous economic power of electric power companies and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI). Using this power, the electric power companies effectively manipulated information, maintained strong political power and constructed the nuclear complex, which has imposed an overwhelming influence on the central sphere of control at a national level and has put economic profit before safety. Regulations for safety have not been insufficient because the organization charged with nuclear safety belongs to the nuclear complex. Consequently, Regulatory Guides concerning reactors defined by the government have not accounted for catastrophic accidents. Philosopher Mori Arimasa's concept of "binary combination" provides us with an insight into a profound sociological reason for the Fukushima nuclear disaster because it highlights the immaturity of subjectivity and the root of irresponsibility in Japanese society. Binary combination is defined as a relationship between two persons that is characterized by intimacy and a vertical relation. Binary combination tends to produce a group or organization that is closed to outsiders and often shows indifference as well as insensitivity to outside opinions. In order overcome the defects of energy policy as well as the decision‐making process, and to achieve a sustainable society, it is necessary to promote an energy paradigm shift and reforms for decision‐making through the enrichment of the public sphere.     

从“谣盐风波”看社会谣言的生成机制

2011年3月一场"谣盐风波"席卷全国,日本核泄露引发的核辐射危机激发了人们自我保护的意识,在事实真相缺位、正规信息模糊和缺失的情况下,驱动了公众的好奇心理,诱发了"第三人效应",一场关于抢购食盐的社会谣言就此应运而生。媒体报道方面,出于行业竞争的需要,为了突出新闻的显著性,对谣言的热衷报道造成了二次传播,使谣言进入正规流通渠道,并借助媒体的优势加剧了谣言的传播。政府公信力下降、公民知情权弱化、信息通道的多样化则给社会谣言提供了可乘之机。首因效应、蝴蝶效应,以及群体极化等社会心理,使社会谣言迅速扩张,造成公众心理的恐慌和社会正常秩序的破坏。     

论我国核电品牌的“建”与“创”

文章首先阐明了建立核电品牌的意义,指出中国必须要有自己的核电产业,需要"发展民族核电";其次,说明了我国正在建立核电品牌与核电产业,并指出了核电品牌属性与我国核电品牌产业显示的特色;最后,论述了我国自主品牌战略,重点探讨了我国核电品牌战略目标。     

新能源开发利用中的安全机制立法研究——以我国核能为例

积极推进新能源开发利用是我国能源战略的重要内容,建立完善的法律制度是实现新能源发展战略目标的必要保障。新能源开发利用中安全问题不容忽视,能源安全包括宏观意义上的安全和微观意义上的安全,两方面的因素在发展新能源时都应有所考虑。我国目前在新能源安全立法方面存在很多不足,以核能安全立法为例,应当从立法体系、基本原则、实施机制、具体内容等方面进行法律制度建构。     

Existential Risks to Humanity Should Concern International Policymakers and More Could Be Done in Considering Them at the International Governance Level

In this perspective, we consider the possible role of the United Nations (UN) with respect to existential risks to human civilization and the survival of humanity. We illustrate how existential risks have been discussed at an international governance level, specifically in documents in the UN Digital Library. In this large corpus, discussions of nuclear war account for over two-thirds (69%, 67/97) of mentions of existential risks, while mention of other existential risks, or such risks as a category, appears scant. We take these observations to imply inadequate attention to these significant threats. These deficits, combined with the need for a global response to many risks, suggest that UN member nations should urgently advocate for appropriate action at the UN to address threats, such as artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, geoengineering, and supervolcanic eruption, in analogous fashion to existing attempts to mitigate the threats from nuclear war or near-Earth objects.     

Can we study the family environment through census data? A comparison of households,dwellings, and domestic units in rural Mali

Are ‘statistical households’, as defined in national censuses, able to describe the family environment in Africa? Do they correspond to the family units that individuals identify with? To address this issue, we build on a follow-up survey in south-east Mali, which links national censuses with local censuses at the individual level (N?≈?28,000 census observations). Three cross-sectional snapshots of family arrangements are compared: households recorded in national censuses, and family economic units and residential units recorded by local censuses. The national census household data appear poorly suited to documenting family living arrangements. They do not account for family economic units or residential units, but are highly conditioned by a normative representation centred on the nuclear family. Therefore, they fail to describe the complexity and diversity of people’s living spaces, making particular types of living arrangements invisible and increasing the likelihood of omitting individuals who do not fit into a nuclear model.     

中美两国在朝鲜核问题上的合作与冲突

中美两国在朝鲜半岛有重大的战略利益,实现半岛无核化、维护半岛和平与稳定符合中美两国的根本利益,也是中美进行合作的基础和共同承担的责任.然而,朝鲜核问题的解决龃龉不断,中美两国对于朝核问题的解决路径也不尽相同.即便如此,为解决朝鲜核问题中美共同搭建了“六方会谈”机制,并在六方会谈框架内进行了广泛的合作.毋庸置疑,未来中美在朝核问题上的合作对于化解和管控朝鲜核试验后的危机将具有特别重要的意义.