有效独立性原则下核安全监督管理体制的审视与重构

核安全监管的独立性应当是有效独立性。它不仅要求在体制设置上实现监管机构与其他机构或实体的有效分离,也要求监管机构能够独立行使行政许可、审评、监督执法等关键职能,并确保监管机构在安全决策上有效独立。就我国而言,应基于有效独立性原则对核安全监督管理体制进行审视重构,强化国家核安全局独立性、整合核安全监管核心职能、建立部门间监管协调机制、健全核安全监管技术支持和人力资源管理体系、构建完善透明、可追溯的监管决策程序和利益冲突审查机制等措施,推动我国核安全监督管理体制的健全完善。     

朝核危机析论

20世纪90年代朝核危机爆发以来,各方围绕朝鲜核政治的博弈动机一直扑朔迷离。笔者认为,朝鲜追求和发展核武器的动因是复杂多重的,朝鲜核政治的本质乃是各方现实利益的杯葛和较量。以解决朝核问题为主旨的六方会谈,由于其本身的功能缺陷及受到诸多因素掣肘,在实现朝鲜弃核和半岛重归和平方面还有很长路程要走。     

中国大陆首次核爆炸试验前后的美台冲突

在中国大陆进行首次核爆炸试验前后,美台之间对中国大陆的核能力的影响以及应当采取的对策的分析出现了重要的分歧.约翰逊政府拒绝了蒋介石对中国大陆进行军事攻击的建议,也否决了蒋介石索取更多军援建立所谓完全的空防体系的要求.从深层次分析,它既表明了美台对于核武器威慑能力的不同认识,也反映了美国的对台政策总是从属于它对中国大陆的政策.这表明,在中美合作对美国变得越来越重要的大背景下,那种指望依靠美国的支持实现从中国版图中分裂出去的台独企图最终只能是一枕黄粱.     

SWAPCO Nuclear Corporation (SWAPCO)

SWAPCO is a nuclear fuel brokerage company which has managed to survive in a highly competitive niche market for fourteen years. The market is currently declining and the company must develop a strategy for survival and future growth. The case is designed to enable students to think about the effects of a rapidly changing market on a company's business and the effect of changes in the external environment on the company. It leads to discussion of market strategies, the role of government in business, the effects of competition and other external factors in the survival and growth of a business. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Intergenerational Issues Regarding Nuclear Power, Nuclear Waste, and Nuclear Weapons

Nuclear power, nuclear waste, and nuclear weapons raise substantial public concern in many countries. While new support for nuclear power can be found in arguments concerning greenhouse gases and global warming, the long-term existence of radioactive waste has led to requirements for 10,000-year isolation. Some of the support for such requirements is based on intergenerational equity arguments. This, however, places a very high value on lives far in the future. An alternative is to use discounting, as is applied to other resource applications. Nuclear weapons, even though being dismantled by the major nations, are growing in number due to the increase in the number of countries possessing these weapons of mass destruction. This is an unfortunate legacy for future generations.     

Urban Risks of Truck Transport of Radioactive Material

Truck transport of radioactive material (RAM), e.g., spent nuclear fuel (SNF), normally maximizes use of Interstate highways, which are safer and more efficient for truck transport in general. In the estimation of transportation risks, population bordering a route is a direct factor in determining consequences and an indirect factor in determining exposure times, accident probabilities and severities, and other parameters. Proposals to transport RAM may draw intense resistance from "stakeholders" based on concern for population concentrations along urban segments but the length of a route segment is also a determinative factor in estimating the transport risks. To quantify the relative importance of these two factors, a potential route for transport of SNF (strict use of Interstate highways) was selected and compared with a modified version that bypassed urban areas. The results suggest that emphasis on Interstate highways minimizes total route and urban segment risks.     

社会转型期的中国式城市化基本单元

农民城市化的行动单位选择是城市化进程中的现实问题,受到不同区域和不同社会发展阶段制度与生活的双重形塑。社会转型期的中国式城市化基本单元受到后发国家社会转型这一特殊发展阶段下制度和生活两者的共同影响。中国农民从实用理性出发,立足于家庭的整体性和发展性,在既定的土地制度和福利制度等正式制度的结构下,以私人间城乡关系补给公共城乡关系,采用家庭内工农互补和劳动力合理配置的方式,通过资源的长期积累与代际转移,最终实现城市化。因此,社会转型期的中国式城市化基本单元有别于西方的核心家庭形态,呈现出表面扩张内里紧密的特征,也因此具有极强的韧性和灵活性,是当下农民城市化行动中的普遍选择和有效的组织保障。     

核应急管理中的工业工程技术应用前景

文章从核应急管理的流程化特点出发,对接工业工程技术的分析工具,指出当前核应急规范和研究成果在流程优化和操作标准用时方面的不足需要工业工程技术的辅助。结合工业工程的相关特点,指出其两大技术,即方法研究与作业测定,是针对作业流程进行优化的科学方法,天然地适用于核应急管理流程优化和标准用时问题。分析了工业工程在这些方面的应用前景,重点介绍了三种作业测定技术,即秒表时间研究、工作抽样和预定动作时间标准法的应用方法。为核应急流程的精细化管理提供了思路,也开拓了工业工程的应用领域。     

新疆大学生社会主义核心价值体系认同途径探究

大学生群体对社会主义核心价值体系的认同状况,对于我们进行社会主义核心价值体系的研究和建设显得尤为重要。本文通过新疆大学生社会主义核心价值体系认同状况的调查,分析了目前大学生的认同现状,提出了新疆大学生社会主义核心价值体系的认同教育要通过认知认同、情感认同、行为认同和环境认同四个方面实现。     

论加快湖南核电产业发展的思路与对策

湖南缺电、少煤,能源供给不足已严重约束地方经济的快速健康发展。因此,积极利用核电成为湖南省能源结构优化的必然选择。文章从指导思想、发展原则和重点任务的角度,不仅为湖南核电产业提出战略发展思路,更深入具体探讨核电站建设、核电装备制造和核燃料循环等重点任务内容,有针对性地提出了推动湖南核电产业发展所需要采取的相应对策。